ArticlePLoS pathogens2015
Inter-Seasonal Influenza is Characterized by Extended Virus Transmission and Persistence.
Article in PLoS pathogens, 2015. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT04515446 (Sequential Quantification of Viral Load in the Upper Respiratory Tract in Adult Patients Admitted for Influenza and Treated With Olsetamivir), which is not on this map. Cited by 20 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Sequential Quantification of Viral Load in the Upper Respiratory Tract in Adult Patients Admitted for Influenza and Treated With Olsetamivir
Who cites it
20 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- Systematic review of influenza vaccine effectiveness against laboratory-confirmed influenza among older adults living in aged care facilities.Human vaccines & immunotherapeutics · 2023Pooled it
- Mobility-informed metapopulation models predict the spatio-temporal spread of respiratory epidemics across scales.BMC global and public health · 2026Article
- Extended influenza seasons in Australia and New Zealand in 2025 due to the emergence of influenza A(H3N2) subclade K viruses.Euro surveillance : bulletin Europeen sur les maladies transmissibles = European communicable disease bulletin · 2025Article
- Integrating dynamical modeling and phylogeographic inference to characterize global influenza circulation.PNAS nexus · 2025Article
- Integrating dynamical modeling and phylogeographic inference to characterize global influenza circulation.medRxiv : the preprint server for health sciences · 2024Article
- Influenza-associated respiratory illness among five cohorts of pregnant women and their young infants (0-6 months), Bangladesh, 2013-2017.Influenza and other respiratory viruses · 2023Article
- Severe forms of influenza infections admitted in intensive care units: Analysis of mortality factors.Influenza and other respiratory viruses · 2023Article
- Longitudinal surveillance of influenza in Japan, 2006-2016.Scientific reports · 2022Article
- Human seasonal influenza under COVID-19 and the potential consequences of influenza lineage elimination.Nature communications · 2022Article
- The seasonality of infections in tropical Far North Queensland, Australia: A 21-year retrospective evaluation of the seasonal patterns of six endemic pathogens.PLOS global public health · 2022Article
- Evidence for an increase in the intensity of inter-seasonal influenza, Queensland, Australia, 2009-2019.Influenza and other respiratory viruses · 2021Article
- Acute Respiratory Tract Infections among Hospitalized Palestinian Patients (2011-2016): A Retrospective Study.The Canadian journal of infectious diseases & medical microbiology = Journal canadien des maladies infectieuses et de la microbiologie medicale · 2021Article
- Influenza virus-flow from insects to humans as causative for influenza seasonality.Biology direct · 2020Article
- Inter-seasonality of influenza in Australia.Influenza and other respiratory viruses · 2019Article
- Intense interseasonal influenza outbreaks, Australia, 2018/19.Euro surveillance : bulletin Europeen sur les maladies transmissibles = European communicable disease bulletin · 2019Observational
- Article
- Continental synchronicity of human influenza virus epidemics despite climatic variation.PLoS pathogens · 2018Article
- Estimates of seasonal influenza-associated mortality in Bangladesh, 2010-2012.Influenza and other respiratory viruses · 2018Article
- Evolution-informed forecasting of seasonal influenza A (H3N2).Science translational medicine · 2017Article
- Successive Respiratory Syncytial Virus Epidemics in Local Populations Arise from Multiple Variant Introductions, Providing Insights into Virus Persistence.Journal of virology · 2015Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
8 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
The factors that determine the characteristic seasonality of influenza remain enigmatic. Current models predict that occurrences of influenza outside the normal surveillance season within a temperate region largely reflect the importation of viruses from the alternate hemisphere or from equatorial regions in Asia. To help reveal the drivers of seasonality we investigated the origins and evolution of influenza viruses sampled during inter-seasonal periods in Australia. To this end we conducted an expansive phylogenetic analysis of 9912, 3804, and 3941 hemagglutinnin (HA) sequences from influenza A/H1N1pdm, A/H3N2, and B, respectively, collected globally during the period 2009-2014. Of the 1475 viruses sampled from Australia, 396 (26.8% of Australian, or 2.2% of global set) were sampled outside the monitored temperate influenza surveillance season (1 May - 31 October). Notably, rather than simply reflecting short-lived importations of virus from global localities with higher influenza prevalence, we documented a variety of more complex inter-seasonal transmission patterns including "stragglers" from the preceding season and "heralds" of the forthcoming season, and which included viruses sampled from clearly temperate regions within Australia. We also provide evidence for the persistence of influenza B virus between epidemic seasons, in which transmission of a viral lineage begins in one season and continues throughout the inter-seasonal period into the following season. Strikingly, a disproportionately high number of inter-seasonal influenza transmission events occurred in tropical and subtropical regions of Australia, providing further evidence that climate plays an important role in shaping patterns of influenza seasonality.
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