ReviewFrontiers in oncology2015
4-1BB Agonists: Multi-Potent Potentiators of Tumor Immunity.
Review in Frontiers in oncology, 2015. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 151 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
151 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 251 citations in OpenAlex.
- In or out of control: Modulating regulatory T cell homeostasis and function with immune checkpoint pathways.Frontiers in immunology · 2022Pooled it
- Neoadjuvant Fc-enhanced anti-CTLA-4 targets Tregs to augment androgen deprivation in high-risk prostate cancer: A randomized phase I trial.Cell reports. Medicine · 2026Trial
- Immunodeficiency and EBV-induced lymphoproliferation caused by 4-1BB deficiency.The Journal of allergy and clinical immunology · 2019Trial
- FTL008.16, a 5T4-Conditional 4-1BB bispecific antibody, potently enhances antitumor immunity via tumor-directed t-cell activation.Oncoimmunology · 2026Article
- Molecular Architecture and Clinical Landscape of Immune Checkpoint Receptors and Ligands.Antibodies (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
- Next-generation macrophage engineering in cancer therapy: From TAM reprogramming to CAR-macrophages.Molecular therapy. Nucleic acids · 2026Review
- IgG2a-formatted 4-1BB agonism combined with S100A9 inhibition enhances T cell activation and tumor control in a preclinical model of multiple myeloma.Journal of experimental & clinical cancer research : CR · 2026Article
- Selective elimination of circulating effector CD8 T cells via LTβR blockade separates anti-CD137 efficacy from toxicity.Science advances · 2026Article
- Diabetes exacerbates destructive inflammation by activating the CD137L-CD137 axis in dendritic and IL-17+ T cells.The Journal of clinical investigation · 2026Article
- Phase 1 Study of INBRX-105, a TNFRSF9 (4-1BB) and PD-L1 Bispecific Antibody, in Patients with Select Solid Tumors.Cancer research communications · 2026Article
- Monocyte-Macrophage Lineages in Cancer: Biology, Plasticity, and Therapeutic Targeting.Cancer biome and targeted therapy · 2026Article
- Advanced Cutaneous Squamous Cell Carcinoma: Biology, Immunotherapy, and Evolving Prognostic Factors.Biomedicines · 2025Review
- A First-in-Human Study of Givastomig, a CLDN18.2 and 4-1BB Bispecific Antibody, as Monotherapy in Patients with CLDN18.2-Positive Advanced or Metastatic Solid Tumors.Clinical cancer research : an official journal of the American Association for Cancer Research · 2025Article
- Design of a prodrug bispecific antibody masked by a functional molecule for lymphocyte activation for cancer therapy.Journal of biological engineering · 2025Article
- Tumor-specific surface marker-independent targeting of tumors through nanotechnology and bioorthogonal glycochemistry.The Journal of clinical investigation · 2025Article
- Single-Cell RNA Profiling of Ocular Adnexal Sebaceous Carcinoma Reveals a Complex Tumor Microenvironment and Identifies New Biomarkers.American journal of ophthalmology · 2025Observational
- Review
- Comprehensive multi-omics analysis reveals the prognostic and immune regulatory characteristics of the PTPN family in osteosarcoma.PloS one · 2025Article
- Revealing the mechanisms and therapeutic potential of immune checkpoint proteins across diverse protein families.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Review
- Emerging druggable targets for immune checkpoint modulation in cancer immunotherapy: the iceberg lies beneath the surface.Apoptosis : an international journal on programmed cell death · 2024Review
91 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
2 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Immunotherapy is a rapidly expanding field of oncology aimed at targeting, not the tumor itself, but the immune system combating the cancerous lesion. Of the many approaches currently under study to boost anti-tumor immune responses; modulation of immune co-receptors on lymphocytes in the tumor microenvironment has thus far proven to be the most effective. Antibody blockade of the T cell co-inhibitory receptor cytotoxic T lymphocyte antigen-4 (CTLA-4) has become the first FDA approved immune checkpoint blockade; however, tumor infiltrating lymphocytes express a diverse array of additional stimulatory and inhibitory co-receptors, which can be targeted to boost tumor immunity. Among these, the co-stimulatory receptor 4-1BB (CD137/TNFSF9) possesses an unequaled capacity for both activation and pro-inflammatory polarization of anti-tumor lymphocytes. While functional studies of 4-1BB have focused on its prominent role in augmenting cytotoxic CD8 T cells, 4-1BB can also modulate the activity of CD4 T cells, B cells, natural killer cells, monocytes, macrophages, and dendritic cells. 4-1BB's expression on both T cells and antigen presenting cells, coupled with its capacity to promote survival, expansion, and enhanced effector function of activated T cells, has made it an alluring target for tumor immunotherapy. In contrast to immune checkpoint blocking antibodies, 4-1BB agonists can both potentiate anti-tumor and anti-viral immunity, while at the same time ameliorating autoimmune disease. Despite this, 4-1BB agonists can trigger high grade liver inflammation which has slowed their clinical development. In this review, we discuss how the underlying immunobiology of 4-1BB activation suggests the potential for therapeutically synergistic combination strategies in which immune adverse events can be minimized.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.