ReviewOxidative medicine and cellular longevity2015
Inflammation, Iron, Energy Failure, and Oxidative Stress in the Pathogenesis of Multiple Sclerosis.
Review in Oxidative medicine and cellular longevity, 2015. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 72 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
72 citing papers in PubMed, 127 citations in OpenAlex.
- Glutathione Biology in Neurodegenerative and Metabolic Diseases: Molecular Mechanisms, Pathophysiological Roles, and Therapeutic Perspectives.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Review
- Article
- Exploring and Targeting the Connection of Iron and Copper Homeostasis to Neurodegenerative Diseases.MedComm · 2026Review
- The Diet-Multiple Sclerosis Connection: Oxidative Stress and Emerging Mechanisms.Molecular neurobiology · 2026Review
- Proteomic Characterization of Spinal Cord Myelin in the Mouse.ASN neuro · 2026Article
- Mitochondria as a Therapeutic Target in Neurodegeneration: Strategies for Restoring Cellular Homeostasis.Current neuropharmacology · 2026Review
- The oxidative stress-inflammation self-perpetuating cycle in multiple sclerosis: from mechanisms to emerging antioxidant strategies.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2026Review
- Iron, the Essential Micronutrient: A Comprehensive Review of Regulatory Pathways of Iron Metabolism.Nutrients · 2025Review
- Effectiveness of Rituximab in rElapsiNg Multiple SclErosis previously treated with hiGhly-Active Disease modifying thErapies (RENEGADE study).Journal of neurology · 2025Observational
- Curcumin-Piperine Self-Nanoemulsifying Delivery inPharmaceuticals (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- HHV-6 and EBV reactivation in relapsing remitting multiple sclerosis: Disability, progression, and inflammation links.iScience · 2025Article
- PICRUSt2 Analysis of Fecal Microbiome Associated With a Murine Model of Multiple Sclerosis.FASEB bioAdvances · 2025Article
- The Role of Cobalamin in Multiple Sclerosis: An Update.Inflammation · 2025Review
- Oxidative Stress in Brain Function.Antioxidants (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Review
- Oxidative/Nitrosative Stress, Apoptosis, and Redox Signaling: Key Players in Neurodegenerative Diseases.Journal of biochemical and molecular toxicology · 2025Review
- Review
- Tissue Hypoxia and Associated Innate Immune Factors in Experimental Autoimmune Optic Neuritis.International journal of molecular sciences · 2024Article
- Iron metabolism disorder and multiple sclerosis: a comprehensive analysis.Frontiers in immunology · 2024Article
- A Review of the Potential of Nuclear Factor [Erythroid-Derived 2]-like 2 Activation in Autoimmune Diseases.Brain sciences · 2023Review
- Mitochondrial dysfunction in neurodegenerative disorders: Potential therapeutic application of mitochondrial transfer to central nervous system-residing cells.Journal of translational medicine · 2023Review
12 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
1 author at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Multiple sclerosis is a chronic inflammatory demyelinating disease of the central nervous system. Different trigger pathologies have been suggested by the primary cytodegenerative "inside-out" and primary inflammation-driven "outside-in" hypotheses. Recent data indicate that mitochondrial injury and subsequent energy failure are key factors in the induction of demyelination and neurodegeneration. The brain weighs only a few percent of the body mass but accounts for approximately 20% of the total basal oxygen consumption of mitochondria. Oxidative stress induces mitochondrial injury in patients with multiple sclerosis and energy failure in the central nervous system of susceptible individuals. The interconnected mechanisms responsible for free radical production in patients with multiple sclerosis are as follows: (i) inflammation-induced production of free radicals by activated immune cells, (ii) liberation of iron from the myelin sheets during demyelination, and (iii) mitochondrial injury and thus energy failure-related free radical production. In the present review, the different sources of oxidative stress and their relationships to patients with multiple sclerosis considering tissue injury mechanisms and clinical aspects have been discussed.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.