ReviewMicrobiology spectrum2015
Integration, Regulation, and Long-Term Stability of R2 Retrotransposons.
Review in Microbiology spectrum, 2015. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 60 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
60 citing papers in PubMed, 84 citations in OpenAlex.
- Discovery and engineering of avian R2 retrotransposons for all-RNA-mediated targeted DNA integration in human cells.Nature biotechnology · 2026Article
- Diversity and genome engineering applications of R2 non-LTR retrotransposons.RNA (New York, N.Y.) · 2026Review
- DNA-bound avian R2 non-LTR retrotransposon protein recruits a second R2 protein for genome-protective second-strand nicking.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2026Article
- Efficient site-specific gene addition using R2 retrotransposons in tobacco and rice.Nature biotechnology · 2026Article
- Programmable large-cargo integration: Overcoming size constraints for next-generation gene therapy.Synthetic and systems biotechnology · 2026Review
- Lineage-specific evolution, structural diversity, and activity of R2 retrotransposons in animals.Genome biology · 2026Article
- Copy number and sequence variation in ribosomal DNA and the transposon, Pokey, in mutation accumulation lines of Daphnia obtusa.G3 (Bethesda, Md.) · 2026Article
- Rewriting the genome: harnessing R2 retrotransposons for precise DNA insertion.Frontiers in genome editing · 2026Review
- Biology and utilization of R2 retrotransposons.RNA biology · 2025Review
- Structure and biochemistry-guided engineering of an all-RNA system for DNA insertion with R2 retrotransposons.Nature communications · 2025Article
- Structures of vertebrate R2 retrotransposon complexes during target-primed reverse transcription and after second-strand nicking.Science advances · 2025Article
- Genetic Factors Linking Nucleolar Stress withInternational journal of molecular sciences · 2025Article
- Article
- Structural and biochemical studies of mobile retrotransposon proteins in action.Current opinion in structural biology · 2025Review
- Improved precision, sensitivity, and adaptability of ordered two-template relay cDNA library preparation for RNA sequencing.RNA (New York, N.Y.) · 2025Article
- Insulin signaling regulates R2 retrotransposon expression to orchestrate transgenerational rDNA copy number maintenance.Nature communications · 2025Article
- Article
- Improved precision, sensitivity, and adaptability of Ordered Two-Template Relay cDNA library preparation for RNA sequencing.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2024Article
- Stress-Induced Evolution of the Nucleolus: The Role of Ribosomal Intergenic Spacer (rIGS) Transcripts.Biomolecules · 2024Review
- Structure and sequence at an RNA template 5' end influence insertion of transgenes by an R2 retrotransposon protein.RNA (New York, N.Y.) · 2024Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
2 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
R2 elements are sequence specific non-LTR retrotransposons that exclusively insert in the 28S rRNA genes of animals. R2s encode an endonuclease that cleaves the insertion site and a reverse transcriptase that uses the cleaved DNA to prime reverse transcription of the R2 transcript, a process termed target primed reverse transcription. Additional unusual properties of the reverse transcriptase as well as DNA and RNA binding domains of the R2 encoded protein have been characterized. R2 expression is through co-transcription with the 28S gene and self-cleavage by a ribozyme encoded at the R2 5' end. Studies in laboratory stocks and natural populations of Drosophila suggest that R2 expression is tied to the distribution of R2-inserted units within the rDNA locus. Most individuals have no R2 expression because only a small fraction of their rRNA genes need to be active, and a contiguous region of the locus free of R2 insertions can be selected for activation. However, if the R2-free region is not large enough to produce sufficient rRNA, flanking units - including those inserted with R2 - must be activated. Finally, R2 copies rapidly turnover within the rDNA locus, yet R2 has been vertically maintained in animal lineages for hundreds of millions of years. The key to this stability is R2's ability to remain dormant in rDNA units outside the transcribed regions for generations until the stochastic nature of the crossovers that drive the concerted evolution of the rDNA locus inevitably reshuffle the inserted and uninserted units, resulting in transcription of the R2-inserted units.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.