ReviewMicrobiology spectrum2014
Virulence Plasmids of Spore-Forming Bacteria.
Review in Microbiology spectrum, 2014. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 17 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
17 citing papers in PubMed, 36 citations in OpenAlex.
- Transposon-plasmid nesting enables fast response to fluctuating environments.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2025Article
- The biology and pathogenicity ofMicrobiology and molecular biology reviews : MMBR · 2024Review
- Comparative genomics ofFrontiers in microbiology · 2023Article
- Characterization of NanR Regulation of Sialidase Production, Sporulation and Enterotoxin Production byToxins · 2022Article
- Pathogenicity and virulence ofVirulence · 2021Article
- Identification of a New Pathogenicity Island Within the Large pAH187_270 Plasmid Involved inFrontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2021Article
- Completed Genomic Sequence ofG3 (Bethesda, Md.) · 2020Article
- The Large pBS32/pLS32 Plasmid of Ancestral Bacillus subtilis.Journal of bacteriology · 2020Review
- AnMicrobial genomics · 2019Article
- The genomic basis of Red Queen dynamics during rapid reciprocal host-pathogen coevolution.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2019Article
- Review
- Poultry and beef meat as potential seedbeds for antimicrobial resistant enterotoxigenic Bacillus species: a materializing epidemiological and potential severe health hazard.Scientific reports · 2018Article
- Whole genome analysis reveals the diversity and evolutionary relationships between necrotic enteritis-causing strains of Clostridium perfringens.BMC genomics · 2018Article
- Botulinum neurotoxin-encoding plasmids can be conjugatively transferred to diverse clostridial strains.Scientific reports · 2018Article
- Conjugation-Mediated Horizontal Gene Transfer of Clostridium perfringens Plasmids in the Chicken Gastrointestinal Tract Results in the Formation of New Virulent Strains.Applied and environmental microbiology · 2017Article
- Article
- Clostridium perfringens type A-E toxin plasmids.Research in microbiology · 2015Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
7 authors at 4 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
Plasmid-encoded virulence factors are important in the pathogenesis of diseases caused by spore-forming bacteria. Unlike many other bacteria, the most common virulence factors encoded by plasmids in Clostridium and Bacillus species are protein toxins. Clostridium perfringens causes several histotoxic and enterotoxin diseases in both humans and animals and produces a broad range of toxins, including many pore-forming toxins such as C. perfringens enterotoxin, epsilon-toxin, beta-toxin, and NetB. Genetic studies have led to the determination of the role of these toxins in disease pathogenesis. The genes for these toxins are generally carried on large conjugative plasmids that have common core replication, maintenance, and conjugation regions. There is considerable functional information available about the unique tcp conjugation locus carried by these plasmids, but less is known about plasmid maintenance. The latter is intriguing because many C. perfringens isolates stably maintain up to four different, but closely related, toxin plasmids. Toxin genes may also be plasmid-encoded in the neurotoxic clostridia. The tetanus toxin gene is located on a plasmid in Clostridium tetani, but the botulinum toxin genes may be chromosomal, plasmid-determined, or located on bacteriophages in Clostridium botulinum. In Bacillus anthracis it is well established that virulence is plasmid determined, with anthrax toxin genes located on pXO1 and capsule genes on a separate plasmid, pXO2. Orthologs of these plasmids are also found in other members of the Bacillus cereus group such as B. cereus and Bacillus thuringiensis. In B. thuringiensis these plasmids may carry genes encoding one or more insecticidal toxins.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.