ReviewInternational health2015
Why the communicable/non-communicable disease dichotomy is problematic for public health control strategies: implications of multimorbidity for health systems in an era of health transition.
Review in International health, 2015. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 66 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
66 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 123 citations in OpenAlex.
- Neighborhood-Level Influences and Adolescent Health Risk Behaviors in Rural and Urban Sub-Saharan Africa: A Systematic Review.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2021Pooled it
- Is diabetes associated with malaria and malaria severity? A systematic review of observational studies.Wellcome open research · 2019Pooled it
- Trial
- Fragmented care pathways for non-communicable disease in Cambodia: implications for people-centred and integrated health systems.BMJ global health · 2026Article
- Role of telemedicine in cardiovascular care in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs).American heart journal plus : cardiology research and practice · 2026Review
- Patterns of Infectious Disease Identified in Clinical Autopsy at a South African Tertiary Care Setting: A 10-Year Retrospective Study.Diseases (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Global trends in hypertension prevalence, awareness, treatment, and control.Current opinion in nephrology and hypertension · 2026Review
- Article
- "They tossed me up like a ball": informal settlement residents' experiences in accessing healthcare in Kampala, Uganda.BMC public health · 2025Article
- End-stage kidney diseases in areas of conflict: patients' perspective and patient access to hemodialysis services in Northwest Syria.BMC health services research · 2025Article
- Hypertension: Investigating the level of knowledge, awareness, and attitude of the general population in Saudi Arabia.Journal of family medicine and primary care · 2025Article
- Changes in disease burden and epidemiological transitions.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Infectious Causes of Death: An Autopsy-Based Study of 546 Cases.Open forum infectious diseases · 2025Article
- Multimorbidity patterns and function among adults in low- and middle-income countries: a scoping review.BMJ open · 2025Article
- Identification of Post-Tuberculosis Lung Function Impairment Early during the Course of Treatment.The American journal of tropical medicine and hygiene · 2025Article
- Hail Lifestyle Medicine consensus position statement as a medical specialty: Middle Eastern perspective.Frontiers in public health · 2025Article
- Chronic illness experience in the context of resource-limited settings: a concept analysis.International journal of qualitative studies on health and well-being · 2024Review
- Identification of population multimorbidity patterns in 3.9 million patients from Bogota in 2018.Global epidemiology · 2024Article
- Histoplasma capsulatum urinary antigen detection in a kidney transplant recipient with acute paracoccidioidomycosis: Case study and literature review.PLoS neglected tropical diseases · 2024Review
- Article
6 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
2 authors at 2 institutions in 3 countries.
Funding
Abstract
In today's globalized world, rapid urbanization, mechanization of the rural economy, and the activities of trans-national food, drink and tobacco corporations are associated with behavioral changes that increase the risk of chronic non-communicable diseases (NCDs). These changes include less healthy diet, lower physical activity, tobacco smoking and increased alcohol consumption. As a result, population health profiles are rapidly changing. For example, the global burden of type 2 diabetes mellitus is expected to double by 2030, with 80% of adult cases occurring in low and middle-income countries (LMIC). Many LMIC are undergoing rapid changes associated with developing high rates of NCD while concomitantly battling high levels of certain communicable diseases, including HIV, TB and malaria. This has population health, health systems and economic implications for these countries. This critical review synthesizes evidence on the overlap and interactions between established communicable and emerging NCD epidemics in LMIC. The review focuses on HIV, TB and malaria and explores the disease-specific interactions with prevalent NCDs in LMIC including diabetes, cardiovascular disease, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, chronic renal disease, epilepsy and neurocognitive diseases. We highlight the complexity, bi-directionality and heterogeneity of these interactions and discuss the implications for health systems.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.