ReviewClinical and experimental immunology2016
CD4 T cell differentiation in type 1 diabetes.
Review in Clinical and experimental immunology, 2016. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 105 papers.
What it found
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Who cites it
105 citing papers in PubMed, 178 citations in OpenAlex.
- Ustekinumab for type 1 diabetes in adolescents: a multicenter, double-blind, randomized phase 2 trial.Nature medicine · 2024Trial
- In Utero Per- and Polyfluoroalkyl Substances (PFAS) Exposure and Changes in Infant T Helper Cell Development among UPSIDE-ECHO Cohort Participants.Environmental health perspectives · 2026Article
- Antigen-specific immunotherapy with a CD4Nature communications · 2026Article
- Stem-like CD4 T cells in tumors: an emerging framework for antitumor immunity.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- Aberrant IL-21/STAT3 signaling disrupts regulatory T cell function and CD4Frontiers in immunology · 2026Article
- Molecular Portrait of Autoantigens in Type 1 Diabetes.Biomolecules · 2025Review
- The Immunogenic Role of Self-DNA in T Cell Immunity.Clinical reviews in allergy & immunology · 2025Review
- Gingival mesenchymal stem cell-derived exosomal miR-23a-3p targets IL-6R to attenuate autoimmune insulitis: a cell-free therapeutic strategy for type 1 diabetes.Stem cell research & therapy · 2025Article
- miRNAs and T cell-mediated Immune Response in Disease.The Yale journal of biology and medicine · 2025Review
- Type 1 Diabetes Depends on CD4-Driven Expression of the Transcriptional Repressor Bcl6.Diabetes · 2025Article
- Targeting CD4+ T Cell Glucose Metabolism: A Novel Immunotherapeutic Approach for Type 1 Diabetes.Biomolecules · 2025Review
- Longitudinal pathway analysis using structural information with case studies in early type 1 diabetes.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- T helper 17 cells and interleukin-17 immunity in type 1 diabetes: From pathophysiology to targeted immunotherapies.World journal of diabetes · 2025Review
- Targeting GABA signaling in type 1 diabetes and its complications- an update on the state of the art.Pharmacological reports : PR · 2025Review
- Sepsis prevents the development of experimental type 1 diabetes.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Article
- GM-CSFTheranostics · 2025Review
- The immunomodulator effect ofFood science & nutrition · 2024Article
- The immunology of type 1 diabetes.Nature reviews. Immunology · 2024Review
- Systematic immune cell dysregulation and molecular subtypes revealed by single-cell RNA-seq of subjects with type 1 diabetes.Genome medicine · 2024Article
- Fluvoxamine inhibits Th1 and Th17 polarization and function by repressing glycolysis to attenuate autoimmune progression in type 1 diabetes.Molecular medicine (Cambridge, Mass.) · 2024Article
45 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
2 authors at 2 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
Susceptibility to type 1 diabetes is associated strongly with human leucocyte antigen (HLA) genes, implicating T cells in disease pathogenesis. In humans, CD8 T cells predominantly infiltrate the islets, yet their activation and propagation probably requires CD4 T cell help. CD4 T cells can select from several differentiation fates following activation, and this choice has profound consequences for their subsequent cytokine production and migratory potential. In turn, these features dictate which other immune cell types T cells interact with and influence, thereby determining downstream effector functions. Obtaining an accurate picture of the type of CD4 T cell differentiation associated with a particular immune-mediated disease therefore constitutes an important clue when planning intervention strategies. Early models of T cell differentiation focused on the dichotomy between T helper type 1 (Th1) and Th2 responses, with type 1 diabetes (T1D) being viewed mainly as a Th1-mediated pathology. However, several additional fate choices have emerged in recent years, including Th17 cells and follicular helper T cells. Here we revisit the issue of T cell differentiation in autoimmune diabetes, highlighting new evidence from both mouse models and patient samples. We assess the strengths and the weaknesses of the Th1 paradigm, review the data on interleukin (IL)-17 production in type 1 diabetes and discuss emerging evidence for the roles of IL-21 and follicular helper T cells in this disease setting. A better understanding of the phenotype of CD4 T cells in T1D will undoubtedly inform biomarker development, improve patient stratification and potentially reveal new targets for therapeutic intervention.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.