Evidence map›Paper›PMID 26101852›Full record

ArticleTranslational psychiatry2015

Developmental changes in gamma-aminobutyric acid levels in attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder.

S Bollmann, C Ghisleni, S-S Poil, E Martin, J Ball, D Eich-Höchli, R A E Edden, P Klaver, L Michels, D Brandeis and 1 more

Open access · goldAbstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in Translational psychiatry, 2015. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 51 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
51citing papers in PubMed, 3 pooled it
5.5field-weighted citation impact, top 4% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

51 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 85 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Pooled it
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  12. Phytoconstituents ofACS omega · 2025
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  16. Brain glutathione and GABA+ levels in autistic children.Autism research : official journal of the International Society for Autism Research · 2024
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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

11 authors at 4 institutions in 3 countries.

S Bollmann1] Center for MR-Research, University Children's Hospital Zurich, Zürich, Switzerland [2] Neuroscience Center Zurich, University of Zurich and ETH Zurich, Zürich, Switzerland [3] Zurich Center for Integrative Human Physiology, University of Zurich, Zürich, Switzerland [4] Institute for Biomedical Engineering, University of Zurich and ETH Zurich, Zürich, Switzerland [5] Centre for Advanced Imaging, University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia.
C Ghisleni1] Center for MR-Research, University Children's Hospital Zurich, Zürich, Switzerland [2] Neuroscience Center Zurich, University of Zurich and ETH Zurich, Zürich, Switzerland [3] Zurich Center for Integrative Human Physiology, University of Zurich, Zürich, Switzerland.
S-S Poil1] Center for MR-Research, University Children's Hospital Zurich, Zürich, Switzerland [2] Zurich Center for Integrative Human Physiology, University of Zurich, Zürich, Switzerland.
E Martin1] Center for MR-Research, University Children's Hospital Zurich, Zürich, Switzerland [2] Neuroscience Center Zurich, University of Zurich and ETH Zurich, Zürich, Switzerland.
J BallDepartment of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, University of Zurich, Zürich, Switzerland.
D Eich-HöchliPsychiatric University Hospital, Zürich, Switzerland.
R A E Edden1] Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA [2] F. M. Kirby Center for Functional Brain Imaging, Kennedy Krieger Institute, Baltimore, MD, USA.
P Klaver1] Center for MR-Research, University Children's Hospital Zurich, Zürich, Switzerland [2] Neuroscience Center Zurich, University of Zurich and ETH Zurich, Zürich, Switzerland [3] Zurich Center for Integrative Human Physiology, University of Zurich, Zürich, Switzerland [4] Department of Psychology, University of Zurich, Zürich, Switzerland.
L MichelsInstitute of Neuroradiology, University Hospital of Zurich, Zürich, Switzerland.
D Brandeis1] Neuroscience Center Zurich, University of Zurich and ETH Zurich, Zürich, Switzerland [2] Zurich Center for Integrative Human Physiology, University of Zurich, Zürich, Switzerland [3] Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, University of Zurich, Zürich, Switzerland [4] Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Central Institute of Mental Health Mannheim, Medical Faculty Mannheim/Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany.
R L O'Gorman1] Center for MR-Research, University Children's Hospital Zurich, Zürich, Switzerland [2] Zurich Center for Integrative Human Physiology, University of Zurich, Zürich, Switzerland [3] Pediatric Research Center, University Children's Hospital Zurich, Zürich, Switzerland.
University of Zurich · CHUniversity Hospital of Zurich · CHKennedy Krieger Institute · USUniversity Children's Hospital Zurich · CH

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

While the neurobiological basis and developmental course of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) have not yet been fully established, an imbalance between inhibitory/excitatory neurotransmitters is thought to have an important role in the pathophysiology of ADHD. This study examined the changes in cerebral levels of GABA+, glutamate and glutamine in children and adults with ADHD using edited magnetic resonance spectroscopy. We studied 89 participants (16 children with ADHD, 19 control children, 16 adults with ADHD and 38 control adults) in a subcortical voxel (children and adults) and a frontal voxel (adults only). ADHD adults showed increased GABA+ levels relative to controls (P = 0.048), while ADHD children showed no difference in GABA+ in the subcortical voxel (P > 0.1), resulting in a significant age by disorder interaction (P = 0.026). Co-varying for age in an analysis of covariance model resulted in a nonsignificant age by disorder interaction (P = 0.06). Glutamine levels were increased in children with ADHD (P = 0.041), but there was no significant difference in adults (P > 0.1). Glutamate showed no difference between controls and ADHD patients but demonstrated a strong effect of age across both groups (P < 0.001). In conclusion, patients with ADHD show altered levels of GABA+ in a subcortical voxel which change with development. Further, we found increased glutamine levels in children with ADHD, but this difference normalized in adults. These observed imbalances in neurotransmitter levels are associated with ADHD symptomatology and lend new insight in the developmental trajectory and pathophysiology of ADHD.

Indexed as

Adolescent DevelopmentChild DevelopmentAdolescentAdultAge FactorsAttention Deficit Disorder with HyperactivityBrainCase-Control StudiesChildFemaleFrontal Lobegamma-Aminobutyric AcidGlutamic AcidGlutamineGray MatterHumansgamma-Aminobutyric AcidGlutamic AcidGlutamine

Identifiers

PMID26101852
PMCPMC4490289
OpenAlexW1523695827

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.