Evidence map›Paper›PMID 26100722›Full record

Observational studyClinical cardiology2015

Burden of First and Recurrent Cardiovascular Events Among Patients With Hyperlipidemia.

Rajeshwari S Punekar, Kathleen M Fox, Akshara Richhariya, Maxine D Fisher, Mark Cziraky, Shravanthi R Gandra, Peter P Toth

Abstract readObservational Study
In one paragraph

Observational study in Clinical cardiology, 2015. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 19 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
19citing papers in PubMed, 3 pooled it
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

19 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.

  1. Pooled it
  2. Pooled it
  3. Pooled it
  4. Article
  5. Acute stroke care coordination in the United States: Variation in state laws for Emergency Medical Services and hospitals.Journal of stroke and cerebrovascular diseases : the official journal of National Stroke Association · 2025
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  13. Activation of 5-HTScientific reports · 2019
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  15. PCSK9 Inhibitor Use in the Real World: Data From the National Patient-Centered Research Network.Journal of the American Heart Association · 2019 · on this map
    Article
  16. Hospital and Institutionalisation Care Costs after Limb and Visceral Ischaemia Benchmarked Against Stroke: Long-Term Results of a Population Based Cohort Study.European journal of vascular and endovascular surgery : the official journal of the European Society for Vascular Surgery · 2018
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  19. Global & regional health technology assessment
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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

7 authors.

Rajeshwari S PunekarHealthCore, Inc., Wilmington, Delaware.
Kathleen M FoxStrategic Healthcare Solutions, LLC, Baltimore, Maryland.
Akshara RichhariyaAmgen, Inc., Thousand Oaks, California.
Maxine D FisherHealthCore, Inc., Wilmington, Delaware.
Mark CzirakyHealthCore, Inc., Wilmington, Delaware.
Shravanthi R GandraAmgen, Inc., Thousand Oaks, California.
Peter P TothCGH Medical Center, Sterling, Illinois.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundAcute cardiovascular (CV) events have been evaluated in patients with specific comorbidities but have not focused on patients with hyperlipidemia or on the their long-term costs.

objectivesTo evaluate incidence of CV events, costs, and resource utilization among patients with hyperlipidemia and baseline risk of CV disease (CVD).

methodsPatients (age 18 to 64 years) diagnosed with hyperlipidemia or using lipid-modifying medications were identified from administrative claims. Patients were categorized into 3 cohorts based on pre-index clinical characteristics-secondary prevention (SP; history of CV event, n = 15 613); high risk (HR; CVD, n = 47 600); and primary prevention (PP; no CV event history or CVD, n = 60 637)-and followed up to 2 years after the CV event.

resultsDuring follow-up, ≥1 new CV event occurred in 43.0% of the SP cohort, 33.9% of HR, and 20.9% of PP; and ≥3 new events occurred in 19.8% of the SP cohort, 12.9% of HR, and 5.5% of PP. Incremental total costs were $19 320 for SP, $20 003 for HR, and $17 650 for PP. Compared with patients with only 1 CV event, the mean 2-year cost was 30% higher in patients with 2 CV events and 48% higher in patients with 3 CV events. Only 50% of HR patients (with or without CV events) received statins.

conclusionsPatients with recurrent CV events had higher total health care costs during 24-month follow-up for each type of CV event. Total health care costs among patients with a CV event were higher for the initial as well as subsequent events. Statins and lipid-modifying medications were significantly underutilized in all cohorts, despite the presence of CVD.

Indexed as

Cost of IllnessAdolescentAdultCardiovascular DiseasesCohort StudiesFemaleHealth Care CostsHealth ResourcesHumansHyperlipidemiasIncidenceMaleMiddle AgedRetrospective StudiesRisk AssessmentYoung Adult

Identifiers

PMID26100722
PMCPMC6711069

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
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Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.