ArticleDrug delivery and translational research2015
A biodegradable ocular implant for long-term suppression of intraocular pressure.
Article in Drug delivery and translational research, 2015. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 16 papers.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
16 citing papers in PubMed, 30 citations in OpenAlex.
- Engineering and Characterisation of 3D-Printed Timolol Maleate Implants for Long-Acting Glaucoma Treatment.The AAPS journal · 2026Article
- Colloid-Forming Prodrug-Hydrogel Composite Prolongs Lower Intraocular Pressure in Rodent Eyes after Subconjunctival Injection.Advanced materials (Deerfield Beach, Fla.) · 2025Article
- Manufacturing and characterisation of 3D-printed sustained-release Timolol implants for glaucoma treatment.Drug delivery and translational research · 2025Article
- Integrating single-cell omics and materials science for uveal melanoma: from mechanistic insights to precision therapeutics.Frontiers in oncology · 2025Review
- Next generation therapeutics for retinal neurodegenerative diseases.Journal of controlled release : official journal of the Controlled Release Society · 2024Review
- Six-month effective treatment of corneal graft rejection.Science advances · 2023Article
- The Use of Polymer Blends in the Treatment of Ocular Diseases.Pharmaceutics · 2022Review
- In vitro dissolution testing models of ocular implants for posterior segment drug delivery.Drug delivery and translational research · 2022Review
- Article
- Extraocular, periocular, and intraocular routes for sustained drug delivery for glaucoma.Progress in retinal and eye research · 2021Review
- Sustained-release drug delivery systems for the treatment of glaucoma.International journal of ophthalmology · 2021Review
- Advanced Formulation Approaches for Ocular Drug Delivery: State-Of-The-Art and Recent Patents.Pharmaceutics · 2019Review
- Sustained Dorzolamide Release Prevents Axonal and Retinal Ganglion Cell Loss in a Rat Model of IOP-Glaucoma.Translational vision science & technology · 2018Article
- Sustained Delivery of Timolol Maleate for Over 90 Days by Subconjunctival Injection.Journal of ocular pharmacology and therapeutics : the official journal of the Association for Ocular Pharmacology and Therapeutics · 2016Article
- Subconjunctival Delivery of Dorzolamide-Loaded Poly(ether-anhydride) Microparticles Produces Sustained Lowering of Intraocular Pressure in Rabbits.Molecular pharmaceutics · 2016Article
- Promising therapeutic drug delivery systems for glaucoma: a comprehensive review.Therapeutic advances in ophthalmologyReview
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
6 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Timolol maleate (TM) has been used for many years for the reduction of intraocular pressure (IOP) in glaucoma patients. However, the topical mode of administration (eyedrops) is far from optimal because of the issues of low bioavailability, high drug wastage, and lack of patient compliance. Suboptimal control of the IOP leads to disease progression and eventually to blindness. Ideally, TM is delivered to the patient so that its action is both localized and sustained for 3 months or more. In this work, we developed a subconjunctival TM microfilm for sustained, long-term delivery of TM to the eyes, using the biodegradable elastomer poly(lactide-co-caprolactone) (PLC). The copolymer is biocompatible and has flexibility and mechanical characteristics suitable for a patient-acceptable implant. Controlling the release of TM for 3 months is challenging, and this work describes how, by using a combination of multilayering and blending with poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) copolymers, we were able to develop a TM-incorporated biodegradable film that can deliver TM at a therapeutic dose for 90 days in vitro. The data was further confirmed in a diseased primate model, with sustained IOP-lowering effects for 5 months with a single implant, with acceptable biocompatibility and partial degradation.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.