ArticleBMJ open2015
Association between environmental tobacco smoke and depression among Korean women.
Article in BMJ open, 2015. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 13 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
13 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- Relationship Between Secondhand Smoke Exposure and Depressive Symptoms: A Systematic Review and Dose⁻Response Meta-Analysis.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2019Pooled it
- Mediating effect of menopausal symptoms between the lifestyle and depressive symptoms.Archives of women's mental health · 2025Article
- Passive exposure to e-cigarette emissions is associated with worsened mental health.BMC public health · 2022Article
- Is exposure to secondhand smoke associated with current depression (PHQ-8) among never-smokers? Results from a survey among German adults.BMC public health · 2020Article
- A Scoping Review of Non-Occupational Exposures to Environmental Pollutants and Adult Depression, Anxiety, and Suicide.Current environmental health reports · 2020Article
- 10-year ASCVD risk is positively correlated with depressive symptoms in a large general population.BMC psychiatry · 2019Article
- Cigarette Smoking Modulation of Saliva Microbial Composition and Cytokine Levels.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2018Article
- Passive Smoking is Responsible for Disease Activity in Female Patients With Rheumatoid Arthritis.Archives of rheumatology · 2018Article
- Rates of exposure to environmental tobacco smoke from various indoor environments among US children and nonsmoker adolescents and adults.Environmental science and pollution research international · 2018Article
- Dose⁻Response Relationships between Second-Hand Smoke Exposure and Depressive Symptoms among Adolescents in Guangzhou, China.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2018Article
- Impact of depression on change in coronary heart disease risk status: the Korean Genome and Epidemiology Study (KoGES).Therapeutics and clinical risk management · 2018Article
- Smoking and secondhand smoke exposure and prevalence of depressive symptoms during pregnancy in Japan: baseline data from the Kyushu Okinawa Maternal and Child Health Study.Tobacco induced diseases · 2017Article
- Secondhand smoke exposure and mental health problems in Korean adults.Epidemiology and health · 2016Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
5 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
objectiveTo evaluate the association between environmental tobacco smoke (ETS) exposure and depression among Korean women.
methodsBetween 2008 and 2011, we examined 731 men and 1249 women (aged 39-85 years) for the Korean Genome and Epidemiology Study (KoGES)-Kangwha. Among 1208 never-smoking women, we excluded two women taking antidepressants and five women who did not complete the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI). Therefore, we performed a cross-sectional analysis on 1201 women. ETS exposure was assessed using a self-reported questionnaire, and was classified into three groups: no exposure, occasional exposure and regular exposure. Depression was assessed using the BDI score, which ranged from 0 to 63, and the presence of depression was defined as a BDI score ≥ 10.
resultsWomen exposed to ETS were more likely to have depression than those without ETS exposure (p=0.019). When BDI was analysed as a continuous variable, women exposed to ETS had significantly higher BDI scores after full adjustment (overall exposure: β=1.36, p=0.013; occasional exposure: β=1.15, p=0.063; regular exposure: β=1.90, p=0.039). ETS exposure was significantly associated with depression in a dose-response manner even after adjusting for age, body mass index, menopause, socioeconomic status, lifestyle and prevalent chronic diseases. The adjusted OR for depression (95% CI) was 1.72 (1.25 to 2.37) for overall ETS exposure, 1.56 (1.09 to 2.24) for occasional exposure and 2.19 (1.30 to 3.69) for regular exposure, when compared to no exposure.
conclusionsExposure to ETS was associated with depression among middle aged and elderly Korean women.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.