ArticleJournal of immunological methods2015
Dissociation of skeletal muscle for flow cytometric characterization of immune cells in macaques.
Article in Journal of immunological methods, 2015. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 20 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Who cites it
20 citing papers in PubMed, 30 citations in OpenAlex.
- Intrasplenic Thymus Organogenesis from Injectable Tissue Fragments Restores Functional T-Cell Immunity.Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) · 2026Article
- mRNA cancer vaccines from bench to bedside: a new era in cancer immunotherapy.Biomarker research · 2024Review
- Adjuvant potential of Peyssonnelia caulifera extract on the efficacy of an influenza vaccine in a murine model.Scientific reports · 2024Article
- Research Progress on the Development of Porcine Reproductive and Respiratory Syndrome Vaccines.Veterinary sciences · 2023Review
- Clinical and immunological effects of mRNA vaccines in malignant diseases.Molecular cancer · 2021Review
- Liposome Formulations as Adjuvants for Vaccines.Current topics in microbiology and immunology · 2021Article
- Vaccine Inoculation Route Modulates Early Immunity and Consequently Antigen-Specific Immune Response.Frontiers in immunology · 2021Article
- Cutting Edge: Augmenting Muscle MHC Expression Enhances Systemic Pathogen Control at the Expense of T Cell Exhaustion.Journal of immunology (Baltimore, Md. : 1950) · 2020Article
- The 3Ds in virus-like particle based-vaccines: "Design, Delivery and Dynamics".Immunological reviews · 2020Review
- Route of Vaccine Administration Alters Antigen Trafficking but Not Innate or Adaptive Immunity.Cell reports · 2020Article
- Technological approaches to streamline vaccination schedules, progressing towards single-dose vaccines.NPJ vaccines · 2020Review
- Innate Immune Responses to Chimpanzee Adenovirus Vector 155 Vaccination in Mice and Monkeys.Frontiers in immunology · 2020Article
- The SENIEUR protocol and the efficacy of hepatitis B vaccination in healthy elderly persons by age, gender, and vaccine route.Immunity & ageing : I & A · 2020Article
- Advances in mRNA Vaccines for Infectious Diseases.Frontiers in immunology · 2019Review
- Virus-Like Particle, Liposome, and Polymeric Particle-Based Vaccines against HIV-1.Frontiers in immunology · 2018Review
- Efficient Targeting and Activation of Antigen-Presenting Cells In Vivo after Modified mRNA Vaccine Administration in Rhesus Macaques.Molecular therapy : the journal of the American Society of Gene Therapy · 2017Article
- 5 Year Expression and Neutrophil Defect Repair after Gene Therapy in Alpha-1 Antitrypsin Deficiency.Molecular therapy : the journal of the American Society of Gene Therapy · 2017Article
- Article
- The Safety of available immunotherapy for the treatment of glioblastoma.Expert opinion on drug safety · 2017Review
- Local innate immune responses in the vaccine adjuvant-injected muscle.Clinical & translational immunology · 2016Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
11 authors at 3 institutions in 3 countries.
Funding
Abstract
The majority of vaccines and several treatments are administered by intramuscular injection. The aim is to engage and activate immune cells, although they are rare in normal skeletal muscle. The phenotype and function of resident as well as infiltrating immune cells in the muscle after injection are largely unknown. While methods for obtaining and characterizing murine muscle cell suspensions have been reported, protocols for nonhuman primates (NHPs) have not been well defined. NHPs comprise important in vivo models for studies of immune cell function due to their high degree of resemblance with humans. In this study, we developed and systematically compared methods to collect vaccine-injected muscle tissue to be processed into single cell suspensions for flow cytometric characterization of immune cells. We found that muscle tissue processed by mechanical disruption alone resulted in significantly lower immune cell yields compared to enzymatic digestion using Liberase. Dendritic cell subsets, monocytes, macrophages, neutrophils, B cells, T cells and NK cells were readily detected in the muscle by the classic human markers. The methods for obtaining skeletal muscle cell suspension established here offer opportunities to increase the understanding of immune responses in the muscle, and provide a basis for defining immediate post-injection vaccine responses in primates.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.