ArticleAnnals of internal medicine2015
Predictors of Pregnancy Outcomes in Patients With Lupus: A Cohort Study.
Article in Annals of internal medicine, 2015. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to 2 registered trials, which are not on this map. Cited by 240 papers, 11 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Predictors of Pregnancy Outcome in Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE) and Antiphospholipid Syndrome (APS)
The Lupus prEGnAnCY Cohort: An International Prospective Cohort of Lupus Pregnancies
Who cites it
240 citing papers in PubMed, 11 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 538 citations in OpenAlex.
- The Asia Pacific League of Associations for Rheumatology (APLAR) Consensus Statements for the Management of Reproductive Issues in Autoimmune Rheumatic Diseases.International journal of rheumatic diseases · 2026Pooled it
- Differential impacts of pregnancy-induced hypertension and chronic hypertension on maternal and foetal health outcomes: a systematic review of outcomes and risk factors.Archives of gynecology and obstetrics · 2026Pooled it
- The influence of hydroxychloroquine on the risk of pre-eclampsia, hypertension, and premature delivery in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus during pregnancy: a meta-analysis.European journal of clinical pharmacology · 2026Pooled it
- Systemic Lupus Erythematosus in Pregnancy.Medical sciences (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Pooled it
- Saudi National Clinical Practice Guidelines for Management of Adult Systemic Lupus Erythematosus.Current rheumatology reviews · 2025Guideline
- Lupus activity and pregnancy outcomes in systemic lupus erythematosus patients undergoing assisted reproductive therapy: A systematic review and meta-analysis.Clinical rheumatology · 2025Pooled it
- British Society for Rheumatology guideline on prescribing drugs in pregnancy and breastfeeding: immunomodulatory anti-rheumatic drugs and corticosteroids.Rheumatology (Oxford, England) · 2023Guideline
- Hydroxychloroquine in the pregnancies of women with lupus: a meta-analysis of individual participant data.Lupus science & medicine · 2022Pooled it
- Antithrombotic therapy to prevent recurrent pregnancy loss in antiphospholipid syndrome-What is the evidence?Journal of thrombosis and haemostasis : JTH · 2021Pooled it
- Aspirin or heparin or both for improving pregnancy outcomes in women with persistent antiphospholipid antibodies and recurrent pregnancy loss.The Cochrane database of systematic reviews · 2020Pooled it
- Clinical practice guideline on pregnancy and renal disease.BMC nephrology · 2019Guideline
- Certolizumab pegol to prevent adverse pregnancy outcomes in patients with antiphospholipid syndrome and lupus anticoagulant (IMPACT): results of a prospective, single-arm, open-label, phase 2 trial.Annals of the rheumatic diseases · 2025Trial
- Hydroxychloroquine levels in pregnancy and materno-fetal outcomes in systemic lupus erythematosus patients.Rheumatology (Oxford, England) · 2025Trial
- Prospective evaluation assessing the influence of outcome definition, cohort inclusion and DORIS remission in predicting adverse pregnancy outcomes in women with systemic lupus erythematosus.Lupus science & medicine · 2026Article
- Pregnancy outcomes in women with rheumatologic diseases and neurologic involvement.Rheumatology international · 2026Article
- Early Leukocyte Profiles in Preterm Infants Born to Mothers with Systemic Lupus Erythematosus: An Exploratory Matched Cohort Study.Children (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Does IMPACT eligibility define treatment eligibility in obstetric antiphospholipid syndrome?Clinical rheumatology · 2026Article
- Machine learning models identify prognostic factors in systemic lupus erythematosus patients with epstein-barr virus infection.Clinical rheumatology · 2026Article
- Patient-reported reproductive concerns and care needs among women with systemic lupus erythematosus: a descriptive qualitative study using patient journey mapping.Rheumatology international · 2026Article
- Hydroxychloroquine Exposure Intensity During Early Pregnancy and Composite Fetal Adverse Pregnancy Outcomes in Systemic Lupus Erythematosus: A Retrospective Cohort Study.Journal of clinical medicine · 2026Article
180 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
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Authors and funding
15 authors at 8 institutions in 3 countries.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundBecause systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) affects women of reproductive age, pregnancy is a major concern.
objectiveTo identify predictors of adverse pregnancy outcomes (APOs) in patients with inactive or stable active SLE.
designProspective cohort.
settingMulticenter. PATIENTS: 385 patients (49% non-Hispanic white; 31% with prior nephritis) with SLE in the PROMISSE (Predictors of Pregnancy Outcome: Biomarkers in Antiphospholipid Antibody Syndrome and Systemic Lupus Erythematosus) study. Exclusion criteria were urinary protein-creatinine ratio greater than 1000 mg/g, creatinine level greater than 1.2 mg/dL, prednisone use greater than 20 mg/d, and multifetal pregnancy. MEASUREMENTS: APOs included fetal or neonatal death; birth before 36 weeks due to placental insufficiency, hypertension, or preeclampsia; and small-for-gestational-age (SGA) neonate (birthweight below the fifth percentile). Disease activity was assessed with the Systemic Lupus Erythematosus Pregnancy Disease Activity Index and the Physician's Global Assessment (PGA).
resultsAPOs occurred in 19.0% (95% CI, 15.2% to 23.2%) of pregnancies; fetal death occurred in 4%, neonatal death occurred in 1%, preterm delivery occurred in 9%, and SGA neonate occurred in 10%. Severe flares in the second and third trimesters occurred in 2.5% and 3.0%, respectively. Baseline predictors of APOs included presence of lupus anticoagulant (LAC) (odds ratio [OR], 8.32 [CI, 3.59 to 19.26]), antihypertensive use (OR, 7.05 [CI, 3.05 to 16.31]), PGA score greater than 1 (OR, 4.02 [CI, 1.84 to 8.82]), and low platelet count (OR, 1.33 [CI, 1.09 to 1.63] per decrease of 50 × 109 cells/L). Non-Hispanic white race was protective (OR, 0.45 [CI, 0.24 to 0.84]). Maternal flares, higher disease activity, and smaller increases in C3 level later in pregnancy also predicted APOs. Among women without baseline risk factors, the APO rate was 7.8%. For those who either were LAC-positive or were LAC-negative but nonwhite or Hispanic and using antihypertensives, the APO rate was 58.0% and fetal or neonatal mortality was 22.0%. LIMITATION: Patients with high disease activity were excluded.
conclusionIn pregnant patients with inactive or stable mild/moderate SLE, severe flares are infrequent and, absent specific risk factors, outcomes are favorable. PRIMARY FUNDING SOURCE: National Institutes of Health.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.