ArticlePloS one2015
Development of a Multivalent Subunit Vaccine against Tularemia Using Tobacco Mosaic Virus (TMV) Based Delivery System.
Article in PloS one, 2015. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 28 papers.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
28 citing papers in PubMed, 64 citations in OpenAlex.
- From Sequence to Solution: Computational Design of a Multi-Epitope Vaccine Candidate Against Francisella tularensis.Probiotics and antimicrobial proteins · 2026Article
- Development of a multi-epitope vaccine from outer membrane proteins and identification of novel drug targets againstFrontiers in immunology · 2025Article
- Article
- Development, Strategies, and Challenges for Tularemia Vaccine.Current microbiology · 2024Review
- Tularemia - a re-emerging disease with growing concern.The veterinary quarterly · 2023Article
- Plant-Derived Human Vaccines: Recent Developments.BioDrugs : clinical immunotherapeutics, biopharmaceuticals and gene therapy · 2022Review
- Restricted valency (NPNA)NPJ vaccines · 2022Article
- Development of a SARS-CoV-2 Vaccine Candidate Using Plant-Based Manufacturing and a Tobacco Mosaic Virus-like Nano-Particle.Vaccines · 2021Article
- Identification and physical characterization of a spontaneous mutation of the tobacco mosaic virus in the laboratory environment.Scientific reports · 2021Article
- Aim2 and Nlrp3 Are Dispensable for Vaccine-Induced Immunity against Francisella tularensis Live Vaccine Strain.Infection and immunity · 2021Article
- Advancements in protein nanoparticle vaccine platforms to combat infectious disease.Wiley interdisciplinary reviews. Nanomedicine and nanobiotechnology · 2021Review
- The Versatile Manipulations of Self-Assembled Proteins in Vaccine Design.International journal of molecular sciences · 2021Review
- Review
- In Preparation for Outdoor Pharming: Griffithsin Can Be Expressed inFrontiers in bioengineering and biotechnology · 2020Article
- Article
- Recombinant helical plant virus-based nanoparticles for vaccination and immunotherapy.Virus genes · 2018Review
- Article
- Article
- Live Attenuated Tularemia Vaccines for Protection Against Respiratory Challenge With VirulentFrontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2018Review
- An Improved Tobacco Mosaic Virus (TMV)-Conjugated Multiantigen Subunit Vaccine Against Respiratory Tularemia.Frontiers in microbiology · 2018Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
7 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Francisella tularensis is a facultative intracellular pathogen, and is the causative agent of a fatal human disease known as tularemia. F. tularensis is classified as a Category A Biothreat agent by the CDC based on its use in bioweapon programs by several countries in the past and its potential to be used as an agent of bioterrorism. No licensed vaccine is currently available for prevention of tularemia. In this study, we used a novel approach for development of a multivalent subunit vaccine against tularemia by using an efficient tobacco mosaic virus (TMV) based delivery platform. The multivalent subunit vaccine was formulated to contain a combination of F. tularensis protective antigens: OmpA-like protein (OmpA), chaperone protein DnaK and lipoprotein Tul4 from the highly virulent F. tularensis SchuS4 strain. Two different vaccine formulations and immunization schedules were used. The immunized mice were challenged with lethal (10xLD100) doses of F. tularensis LVS on day 28 of the primary immunization and observed daily for morbidity and mortality. Results from this study demonstrate that TMV can be used as a carrier for effective delivery of multiple F. tularensis antigens. TMV-conjugate vaccine formulations are safe and multiple doses can be administered without causing any adverse reactions in immunized mice. Immunization with TMV-conjugated F. tularensis proteins induced a strong humoral immune response and protected mice against respiratory challenges with very high doses of F. tularensis LVS. This study provides a proof-of-concept that TMV can serve as a suitable platform for simultaneous delivery of multiple protective antigens of F. tularensis. Refinement of vaccine formulations coupled with TMV-targeting strategies developed in this study will provide a platform for development of an effective tularemia subunit vaccine as well as a vaccination approach that may broadly be applicable to many other bacterial pathogens.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.