SynthesisPloS one2015
Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Human Studies to Support a Quantitative Recommendation for Whole Grain Intake in Relation to Type 2 Diabetes.
Synthesis in PloS one, 2015. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT05628649 (Teaching Kitchen Multisite Trial), which is not on this map. Cited by 36 papers, 9 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Teaching Kitchen Multisite Trial (TK-MT)
Who cites it
36 citing papers in PubMed, 9 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 92 citations in OpenAlex.
- U.S. consumer acceptance of whole grains, local grains, and alternative grain networks: a scoping review.Frontiers in nutrition · 2026Pooled it
- Umbrella Review of Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses on Consumption of Different Food Groups and Risk of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus and Metabolic Syndrome.The Journal of nutrition · 2025Pooled it
- Effects of whole grains on glycemic control: a systematic review and dose-response meta-analysis of prospective cohort studies and randomized controlled trials.Nutrition journal · 2024Pooled it
- Effects of whole grain intake on glycemic control: A meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.Journal of diabetes investigation · 2022Pooled it
- Whole-Grain Consumption Does Not Affect Obesity Measures: An Updated Systematic Review and Meta-analysis of Randomized Clinical Trials.Advances in nutrition (Bethesda, Md.) · 2020Pooled it
- Food groups and risk of type 2 diabetes mellitus: a systematic review and meta-analysis of prospective studies.European journal of epidemiology · 2017Pooled it
- Association between whole grain intake and all-cause mortality: a meta-analysis of cohort studies.Oncotarget · 2016Pooled it
- Pooled it
- Whole Grain Intake and Mortality From All Causes, Cardiovascular Disease, and Cancer: A Meta-Analysis of Prospective Cohort Studies.Circulation · 2016Pooled it
- Comprehensive Two-Dimensional Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry Analysis of Exhaled Breath Compounds after Whole Grain Diets.Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) · 2021Trial
- The Complex Gene-Carbohydrate Interaction in Type 2 Diabetes: Between Current Knowledge and Future Perspectives.Nutrients · 2025Review
- Design Issues in Personalized Nutrition Advice Systems.Journal of medical Internet research · 2023Article
- Serum metabolites associated with wholegrain consumption using nontargeted metabolic profiling: a discovery and reproducibility study.European journal of nutrition · 2023Article
- A diet rich in fruit and whole grains is associated with a low risk of type 2 diabetes mellitus: findings from a case-control study in South China.Public health nutrition · 2022Article
- Type 2 Diabetes-Related Health Economic Impact Associated with Increased Whole Grains Consumption among Adults in Finland.Nutrients · 2021Article
- Comparing texture and digestion properties between white and brown rice of indica cultivars preferred by Chinese consumers.Scientific reports · 2021Article
- Yield and quality of brown rice noodles processed from early-season rice grains.Scientific reports · 2021Article
- Deep Dive Into the Effects of Food Processing on Limiting Starch Digestibility and Lowering the Glycemic Response.Nutrients · 2021Article
- Diet quality, weight loss, and diabetes incidence in the Diabetes Prevention Program (DPP).BMC nutrition · 2020Article
- Whole Grain Intake and Impaired Fasting Glucose in Adolescents, National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, 2005-2014.Preventing chronic disease · 2020Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
7 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundDue to the increasing evidence of their health benefits, whole grains are recommended for consumption worldwide. Such recommendations are, however, rarely quantitative. Our aim was to perform a quantitative evaluation of the relationship between whole grain consumption and the occurrence of type 2 diabetes (T2D) to support a recommendation on the daily consumption of whole grains. METHODS AND
findingsWe conducted a systematic review by searching three bibliographic databases. We included human studies addressing the relationship between whole grain consumption and T2D occurrence, and providing quantitative information on daily intake of whole grains. A dose-response meta-regression analysis between whole grain intake and T2D occurrence was performed, using a hierarchical mixed least square linear regression model. Eight observational studies were included (all but one prospective), with a total of 15,573 cases of T2D among 316,051 participants. Quantitative meta-regression demonstrated a significant linear inverse relationship between whole grain intake and T2D occurrence (P<0.0001), with an overall absolute reduction of 0.3% in the T2D rate for each additional 10 g of whole grain ingredient consumed daily. The association persisted when adjusted on sex, age, country, study design, follow up duration, and mode of report of whole grain intakes (as foods or ingredients).
conclusionsThe meta-regression model made it possible to estimate the decrease in T2D risk corresponding to various changes in whole grain intakes, and the results contribute to setting up quantitative recommendations. For instance, consuming three servings of whole grain foods (45 g of whole grain ingredients) daily would induce a 20% relative reduction in the T2D risk as compared to consuming a half serving (7.5 g of whole grain ingredients). These results should be considered for future recommendations, by considering the actual whole grain intake of the concerned populations. The systematic review protocol was published on the PROSPERO register (CRD42013006925).
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.