Trial reportJournal of the International Society of Sports Nutrition2015
Combined L-citrulline and glutathione supplementation increases the concentration of markers indicative of nitric oxide synthesis.
Trial report in Journal of the International Society of Sports Nutrition, 2015. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 17 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
17 citing papers in PubMed, 43 citations in OpenAlex.
- Changes in resistance training performance, rating of perceived exertion, and blood biomarkers after six weeks of supplementation with L-citrulline vs. L-citrulline DL-malate in resistance-trained men: a double-blind placebo-controlled trial.Journal of the International Society of Sports Nutrition · 2025Trial
- The effects of L-Citrulline and Glutathione on Endurance performance in young adult trained males.Journal of the International Society of Sports Nutrition · 2023Trial
- Combined Citrulline and Glutathione Supplementation Improves Endothelial Function and Blood Pressure Reactivity in Postmenopausal Women.Nutrients · 2023Trial
- Trial
- Supplemental Watermelon Juice Attenuates Acute Hyperglycemia-Induced Macro-and Microvascular Dysfunction in Healthy Adults.The Journal of nutrition · 2021Trial
- Inter-Individual Responses to Citrulline Malate Oral Supplementation on Post-Exercise Hypotension in Hypertensives: A 24-Hour Analysis.Arquivos brasileiros de cardiologia · 2019Trial
- Eight weeks of resistance training in conjunction with glutathione and L-Citrulline supplementation increases lean mass and has no adverse effects on blood clinical safety markers in resistance-trained males.Journal of the International Society of Sports Nutrition · 2018Trial
- Fangchinoline drives NOS2-dependent host immunity to restrict intracellular enteric pathogens.iScience · 2026Article
- The Effects of Watermelon Juice on Muscle Hypertrophy, Exercise Performance, and Muscle Soreness in Non-Athlete Men Undergoing Endurance Training: A Randomized Controlled Trial.Food science & nutrition · 2025Article
- Palmitic acid-induced cell death: impact of endoplasmic reticulum and oxidative stress, mitigated by L-citrulline.Animal bioscience · 2025Article
- Effects of furosemide and tadalafil in both conventional and nanoforms against adenine-induced chronic renal failure in rats.European journal of medical research · 2022Article
- Antitumor Effects of L-citrulline on Hela Cervical Cancer Cell Lines.Anti-cancer agents in medicinal chemistry · 2022Article
- Acute (-)-Epicatechin Consumption: Effects on Local Vasodilation Following Resistance Exercise and High-Intensity Exercise Performance.Sports (Basel, Switzerland) · 2020Article
- Supplementation of 100% Flesh Watermelon [Preventive nutrition and food science · 2019Article
- Different dietary methionine to lysine ratios in the lactation diet: effects on the performance of sows and their offspring and methionine metabolism in lactating sows.Journal of animal science and biotechnology · 2019Article
- ISSN exercise & sports nutrition review update: research & recommendations.Journal of the International Society of Sports Nutrition · 2018Review
- l-citrulline prevents asymmetric dimethylarginine-mediated reductions in nitric oxide and nitrosative stress in primary human airway epithelial cells.Clinical and experimental allergy : journal of the British Society for Allergy and Clinical Immunology · 2017Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
4 authors at 2 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundNitric oxide (NO) is endogenously synthesized from L-arginine and L-citrulline. Due to its effects on nitric oxide synthase (NOS), reduced glutathione (GSH) may protect against the oxidative reduction of NO. The present study determined the effectiveness of L-citrulline and/or GSH on markers indicative of NO synthesis in in vivo conditions with rodents and humans and also in an in vitro condition.
methodsIn phase one, human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) were treated with either 0.3 mM L-citrulline, 1 mM GSH (Setria®) or a combination of each at 0.3 mM. In phase two, Sprague-Dawley rats (8 weeks old) were randomly assigned to 3 groups and received either purified water, L-citrulline (500 mg/kg/day), or a combination of L-citrulline (500 mg/kg/day) and GSH (50 mg/kg/day) by oral gavage for 3 days. Blood samples were collected and plasma NOx (nitrite + nitrate) assessed. In phase three, resistance-trained males were randomly assigned to orally ingest either cellulose placebo (2.52 g/day), L-citrulline (2 g/day), GSH (1 g/day), or L-citrulline (2 g/day) + GSH (200 mg/day) for 7 days, and then perform a resistance exercise session involving 3 sets of 10-RM involving the elbow flexors. Venous blood was obtained and used to assess plasma cGMP, nitrite, and NOx.
resultsIn phase one, nitrite levels in cells treated with L-citrulline and GSH were significantly greater than control (p < 0.05). In phase two, plasma NOx with L-citrulline + GSH was significantly greater than control and L-citrulline (p < 0.05). In phase three, plasma cGMP was increased, but not significantly (p > 0.05). However, nitrite and NOx for L-citrulline + GSH were significantly greater at 30 min post-exercise when compared to placebo (p < 0.05).
conclusionsCombining L-citrulline with GSH augments increases in nitrite and NOx levels during in vitro and in vivo conditions.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.