ArticleMolecular medicine reports2015
Dopamine receptor antagonist thioridazine inhibits tumor growth in a murine breast cancer model.
Article in Molecular medicine reports, 2015. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 35 papers.
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Who cites it
35 citing papers in PubMed, 53 citations in OpenAlex.
- Neural regulation of tumor immunity: emerging opportunities to enhance cancer immunotherapy.Experimental & molecular medicine · 2026Review
- Phenothiazine Derivatives and Their Impact on the Apoptosis Processes: A Review.Journal of applied toxicology : JAT · 2026Review
- Neurotransmitters and Immunity: Molecular Mechanisms, Biological Functions, Diseases, and Potential Therapeutic Targets.MedComm · 2025Review
- Voluntary wheel running reduces tumor growth and increases capillarity in the heart during doxorubicin chemotherapy in a murine model of breast cancer.Frontiers in physiology · 2024Article
- Article
- Dopamine receptor D3 is related to prognosis in human hepatocellular carcinoma and inhibits tumor growth.BMC cancer · 2022Article
- Drug Repurposing in Cancer Therapy: Influence of Patient's Genetic Background in Breast Cancer Treatment.International journal of molecular sciences · 2022Review
- The molecular mechanism of chronic stress affecting the occurrence and development of breast cancer and potential drug therapy.Translational oncology · 2022Review
- Repurposing Antipsychotics for Cancer Treatment.Biomedicines · 2021Review
- Trace Amine-Associated Receptor 1 (TAAR1) Is a Positive Prognosticator for Epithelial Ovarian Cancer.International journal of molecular sciences · 2021Article
- A Case Control Study on Serum Levels of Potential Biomarkers in Male Breast Cancer Patients.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2021Article
- The Comparative Effect of Nisin and Thioridazine as Potential Anticancer Agents on Hepatocellular Carcinoma.Reports of biochemistry & molecular biology · 2021Article
- Pathophysiologic Role of Neurotransmitters in Digestive Diseases.Frontiers in physiology · 2021Review
- Thioridazine hydrochloride: an antipsychotic agent that inhibits tumor growth and lung metastasis in triple-negative breast cancer via inducing G0/G1 arrest and apoptosis.Cell cycle (Georgetown, Tex.) · 2020Article
- Increased dopamine and its receptor dopamine receptor D1 promote tumor growth in human hepatocellular carcinoma.Cancer communications (London, England) · 2020Article
- Preparation of Multifunctional Dopamine-Coated Zerovalent Iron/Reduced Graphene Oxide for Targeted Phototheragnosis in Breast Cancer.Nanomaterials (Basel, Switzerland) · 2020Article
- Thioridazine requires calcium influx to induce MLL-AF6-rearranged AML cell death.Blood advances · 2020Article
- The Dopamine D2 Receptor Contributes to the Spheroid Formation Behavior of U87 Glioblastoma Cells.Pharmacology · 2020Article
- Selective Effects of Thioridazine on Self-Renewal of Basal-Like Breast Cancer Cells.Scientific reports · 2019Article
- Targeting the TLK1/NEK1 DDR axis with Thioridazine suppresses outgrowth of androgen independent prostate tumors.International journal of cancer · 2019Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
6 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Neuropsychological factors have been shown to influence tumor progression and therapeutic response. The present study investigated the effect of the dopamine receptor antagonist thioridazine on murine breast cancer. The anti‑tumor efficacy of thioridazine was assessed using a murine breast cancer model. Cell apoptosis and proliferation were analyzed in vitro using flow cytometry (FCM) and the MTT assay, respectively. Western blot analysis was performed to assess Akt, phosphorylated (p)‑Akt, signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT) 3, p‑STAT3 and p‑p65 in tumor cells following treatment with thioridazine. The Ki67 index and the number of terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick end labeling (TUNEL)‑positive apoptotic cells were assessed in the tumor sections. Thioridazine was found to reduce tumor growth, inhibit tumor cell proliferation and induce apoptosis in a dose‑ and time‑dependent manner in vitro. Thioridazine was also found to markedly inhibit tumor proliferation and induce tumor cell apoptosis in vivo as shown by the lower Ki67 index and increase in TUNEL‑positive cells. In addition, thioridazine was observed to inhibit the activation of the canonical nuclear factor κ‑light‑chain‑enhancer of activated B cells pathway and exert anti‑tumor effects by remodeling the tumor stroma, as well as inhibit angiogenesis in the tumor microenvironment. In conclusion, thioridazine was found to significantly inhibit breast tumor growth and the potential for thioridazine to be used in cancer therapy may be re‑evaluated and investigated in clinical settings.
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