Trial reportDiabetes, obesity & metabolism2015
Brain reward-system activation in response to anticipation and consumption of palatable food is altered by glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor activation in humans.
Trial report in Diabetes, obesity & metabolism, 2015. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT03361098 (Combined Effects of SGLT2 Inhibition and GLP-1 Receptor Agonism on Food Intake, Body Weight and Central Satiety and Reward Circuits in Obese T2DM Patients), which is not on this map. Cited by 87 papers, 8 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Combined Effects of SGLT2 Inhibition and GLP-1 Receptor Agonism on Food Intake, Body Weight and Central Satiety and Reward Circuits in Obese T2DM Patients
Who cites it
87 citing papers in PubMed, 8 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 135 citations in OpenAlex.
- Central nervous system effects of GLP-1 receptor agonists: A systematic review of human neuroimaging studies.Neuroscience and biobehavioral reviews · 2026Pooled it
- The impact of glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists on objective physical activity in adults: a systematic review and exploratory meta-analysis.International journal of obesity (2005) · 2026Pooled it
- Comprehensive evaluation of GLP-1 receptor agonists: an umbrella review of clinical outcomes across multiple diseases.Nature communications · 2026Pooled it
- Domain-Specific and Domain-General Functional Brain Alterations in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: A Task-Based and Functional Connectivity Meta-Analysis.Brain and behavior · 2025Pooled it
- Obesity in Adults: A 2022 Adapted Clinical Practice Guideline for Ireland.Obesity facts · 2022Guideline
- Basal ganglia lateralization in different types of reward.Brain imaging and behavior · 2020Pooled it
- Obesity in adults: a clinical practice guideline.CMAJ : Canadian Medical Association journal = journal de l'Association medicale canadienne · 2020 · on this mapGuideline
- Can GLP-1 Be a Target for Reward System Related Disorders? A Qualitative Synthesis and Systematic Review Analysis of Studies on Palatable Food, Drugs of Abuse, and Alcohol.Frontiers in behavioral neuroscience · 2020Pooled it
- A randomized controlled trial investigating the effect of liraglutide on self-reported liking and neural responses to food stimuli in participants with obesity.International journal of obesity (2005) · 2023Trial
- Trial
- Combination therapy with exenatide decreases the dapagliflozin-induced changes in brain responses to anticipation and consumption of palatable food in patients with type 2 diabetes: A randomized controlled trial.Diabetes, obesity & metabolism · 2022Trial
- Longer-term liraglutide administration at the highest dose approved for obesity increases reward-related orbitofrontal cortex activation in response to food cues: Implications for plateauing weight loss in response to anti-obesity therapies.Diabetes, obesity & metabolism · 2019Trial
- An addiction model-based mobile health weight loss intervention in adolescents with obesity.Pediatric obesity · 2019Trial
- Exenatide has a pronounced effect on energy intake but not energy expenditure in non-diabetic subjects with obesity: A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial.Metabolism: clinical and experimental · 2018Trial
- Trial
- Higher semaglutide dose is associated with lower neuropsychiatric event incidence independent of weight loss.npj metabolic health and disease · 2026Article
- Review
- Effects of GLP-1 analogs on metabolic alterations including male sexual function, hypogonadism and erectile dysfunction: a narrative review.Translational andrology and urology · 2026Review
- Blunted anticipation, but not consummation, of food rewards in depression.Cell reports. Medicine · 2026Article
- Pharmacologic management of metabolic and alcohol-associated liver disease.Metabolism and target organ damage · 2026Article
27 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
9 authors at 4 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
aimTo test the hypothesis that food intake reduction after glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) receptor activation is mediated through brain areas regulating anticipatory and consummatory food reward.
methodsAs part of a larger study, we determined the effects of GLP-1 receptor activation on brain responses to anticipation and receipt of chocolate milk versus a tasteless solution, using functional MRI (fMRI). Obese subjects with type 2 diabetes, and obese and lean subjects with normoglycaemia (n = 48) underwent three fMRI sessions at separate visits with intravenous infusion of the GLP-1 receptor agonist exenatide, exenatide with prior GLP-1 receptor blockade by exendin-9-39 or placebo, during somatostatin pituitary-pancreatic clamps.
resultsBody mass index negatively correlated with brain responses to receipt of chocolate milk and positively correlated with anticipation of receipt of chocolate milk in brain areas regulating reward, appetite and motivation. Exenatide increased brain responses to receipt of chocolate milk and decreased anticipation of receipt of chocolate milk compared with placebo, paralleled by reductions in food intake. Exendin-9-39 largely prevented these effects.
conclusionsOur findings show that GLP-1 receptor activation decreases anticipatory food reward, which may reduce cravings for food and increases consummatory food reward, which may prevent overeating.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.