ArticleDrug and alcohol dependence2015
Effects of nicotine and minor tobacco alkaloids on intracranial-self-stimulation in rats.
Article in Drug and alcohol dependence, 2015. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 36 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Who cites it
36 citing papers in PubMed, 58 citations in OpenAlex.
- Cigarette Smoke Extract and Nicotine Evoke Similar Interoceptive Effects in a Pavlovian Occasion Setting Task in Male and Female Sprague-Dawley Rats.Nicotine & tobacco research : official journal of the Society for Research on Nicotine and Tobacco · 2026Article
- β-Nicotyrine and e-cigarette abuse liability II: Behavioral economic demand and intracranial self-stimulation in rats.Drug and alcohol dependence · 2026Article
- Advances in research on pharmacological mechanisms of anatabine: from nicotinic modulation to multitarget therapeutic potential.Experimental biology and medicine (Maywood, N.J.) · 2026Review
- Effects of volatile organic compounds found in cigarette smoke on intracranial self-stimulation in rats.Drug and alcohol dependence · 2025Article
- Reinforcing and adverse observable effects of nicotine and minor tobacco alkaloids in squirrel monkeys.Drug and alcohol dependence · 2024Article
- The involvement of dopamine and D2 receptor-mediated transmission in effects of cotinine in male rats.Neuropharmacology · 2023Article
- Synthetic Nicotine: Science, Global Legal Landscape, and Regulatory Considerations.World Health Organization technical report series · 2023Article
- Loss function ofFrontiers in plant science · 2023Article
- Anatabine, Nornicotine, and Anabasine Reduce Weight Gain and Body Fat through Decreases in Food Intake and Increases in Physical Activity.Journal of clinical medicine · 2022Article
- Cigarette Smoke Extract, but Not Electronic Cigarette Aerosol Extract, Inhibits Monoamine OxidaseFrontiers in neuroscience · 2022Article
- Biologically Active Compounds Present in Tobacco Smoke: Potential Interactions Between Smoking and Mental Health.Frontiers in neuroscience · 2022Review
- Stimulus functions of nicotine.Advances in pharmacology (San Diego, Calif.) · 2022Article
- Rodent models for nicotine withdrawal.Journal of psychopharmacology (Oxford, England) · 2021Review
- Tobacco smoke exposure enhances reward sensitivity in male and female rats.Psychopharmacology · 2021Article
- Attenuating nicotine's effects with high affinity human anti-nicotine monoclonal antibodies.PloS one · 2021Article
- Exposure to Commercial Cigarette Smoke Produces Psychomotor Sensitization Via Hyperstimulation of Glutamate Response in the Dorsal Striatum.Brain sciences · 2020Article
- β-Carbolines found in cigarette smoke elevate intracranial self-stimulation thresholds in rats.Pharmacology, biochemistry, and behavior · 2020Article
- Higher anhedonia during withdrawal from initial opioid exposure is protective against subsequent opioid self-administration in rats.Psychopharmacology · 2020Article
- A Pharmacological Comparison of Two Isomeric Nicotinic Receptor Agonists: The Marine Toxin Isoanatabine and the Tobacco Alkaloid Anatabine.Marine drugs · 2020Article
- Rewarding Effects of Nicotine in Adolescent and Adult Male and Female Rats as Measured Using Intracranial Self-stimulation.Nicotine & tobacco research : official journal of the Society for Research on Nicotine and Tobacco · 2020Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
7 authors at 3 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundWhile nicotine is the primary addictive compound in tobacco, other tobacco constituents including minor alkaloids (e.g., nornicotine, anabasine) may also contribute to tobacco addiction by mimicking or enhancing the effects of nicotine. Further evaluating the behavioral effects of minor alkaloids is essential for understanding their impact on tobacco addiction and informing development of tobacco product standards by the FDA.
methodsThis study compared the addiction-related effects of nicotine and the minor alkaloids nornicotine, anabasine, myosmine, anatabine, and cotinine on intracranial self-stimulation (ICSS) thresholds in rats.
resultsAcute injection of nicotine produced reinforcement-enhancing (ICSS threshold-decreasing) effects at low to moderate doses, and reinforcement-attenuating/aversive (ICSS threshold-increasing) effects at high doses. Nornicotine and anabasine produced similar biphasic effects on ICSS thresholds, although with lower potency compared to nicotine. Myosmine only elevated ICSS thresholds at relatively high doses, while anatabine and cotinine did not influence ICSS thresholds at any dose. None of the alkaloids significantly influenced ICSS response latencies, indicating a lack of nonspecific motoric effects.
conclusionsThese findings indicate that some minor tobacco alkaloids can either fully (nornicotine, anabasine) or partially (myosmine) mimic nicotine's addiction-related effects on ICSS, albeit at reduced potency. These findings emphasize the need for further study of the abuse potential of minor alkaloids, including evaluation of their effects when combined with nicotine and other tobacco constituents to better simulate tobacco exposure in humans. Such work is essential for informing FDA regulation of tobacco products and could also lead to the development of novel pharmacotherapies for tobacco addiction.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.