ArticleGeneral hospital psychiatry
Depressive symptoms, psychiatric medication use, and risk of type 2 diabetes: results from the Health and Retirement Study.
Article in General hospital psychiatry. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 12 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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Who cites it
12 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 22 citations in OpenAlex.
- Understanding the relationship between type 2 diabetes and depression: lessons from genetically informative study designs.Diabetic medicine : a journal of the British Diabetic Association · 2021Pooled it
- Association of long-term depressive burden with incident cardiometabolic multimorbidity: a prospective study in middle-aged and older adults across three continents.Journal of global health · 2026Article
- Bidirectional associations between loneliness and physical multimorbidity and the mediating role of social inactivity.Nature communications · 2026Article
- Social frailty and the risk of progression from health to physical, psychological, and cognitive multimorbidity: a prospective multi-cohort study.BMC medicine · 2026Article
- Bidirectional Associations Between Cardiometabolic Multimorbidity and Depression and Mediation of Lifestyles: A Multicohort Study.JACC. Asia · 2024Article
- Specific aspects of religious involvement protect against depressive symptoms among immigrant versus U.S.-born, Hispanic older adults.Aging & mental health · 2024Article
- Life satisfaction among persons living with dementia and those without dementia.Journal of the American Geriatrics Society · 2023Article
- Depression, antidepressant use, and the risk of type 2 diabetes: a nationally representative cohort study.Frontiers in psychiatry · 2023Article
- Dietary Supplement Use in Middle-aged and Older Adults.The journal of nutrition, health & aging · 2022Article
- Receipt of Caregiving and Fall Risk in US Community-dwelling Older Adults.Medical care · 2017Article
- Multimorbidity is associated with anxiety in older adults in the Health and Retirement Study.International journal of geriatric psychiatry · 2016Article
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Authors and funding
2 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
objectiveThis prospective study investigates the relationships between depressive symptoms, psychiatric medication use, and their interaction on risk of developing type 2 diabetes.
methodData come from the 1998-2010 waves of the Health and Retirement Study, a US nationally representative cohort of adults aged 51 years and older. Analysis is restricted to participants <65 years old who did not have diabetes in 1998 (N=8704). Depressive symptoms were assessed using the 8-item Center for Epidemiologic Studies-Depression Scale. Risk of diabetes over the 12-year follow-up period was assessed using Cox proportional hazard models with time-varying covariates.
resultsAfter adjusting for covariates, both depressive symptoms [hazard ratio (HR): 1.06, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.02-1.09] and psychiatric medication use (HR: 1.57, 95% CI: 1.25-1.96) were associated with development of diabetes. The interaction between depressive symptoms and medication use was significant (beta=-0.240, P=.049), indicating that the association between elevated depressive symptoms and diabetes was higher among respondents not taking medications. The associations between depressive symptoms and medication use were also attenuated by increasing body mass index.
conclusionFindings highlight the complex relationship between depressive symptoms and psychiatric medications on diabetes risk and the need for a nuanced understanding of these factors.
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