ArticleBMC infectious diseases2015
Trends in antibiotic resistance of Streptococcus pneumoniae and Haemophilus influenzae isolated from nasopharyngeal flora in children with acute otitis media in France before and after 13 valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine introduction.
Article in BMC infectious diseases, 2015. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT06291012 (Evaluation of a Therapeutic Strategy to Reduce the Duration of Antibiotic Therapy for Community-acquired Alveolar Pneumonia in Children), which is not on this map. Cited by 21 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Evaluation of a Therapeutic Strategy to Reduce the Duration of Antibiotic Therapy for Community-acquired Alveolar Pneumonia in Children: a Randomized Controlled Non-inferiority Trial
Who cites it
21 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 45 citations in OpenAlex.
- Pooled it
- Prevalence and serotype distribution of nasopharyngeal carriage of Streptococcus pneumoniae in China: a meta-analysis.BMC infectious diseases · 2017Pooled it
- Efficacy of 10-valent pneumococcal non-typeable Haemophilus influenzae protein D conjugate vaccine against acute otitis media and nasopharyngeal carriage in Panamanian children - A randomized controlled trial.Human vaccines & immunotherapeutics · 2017Trial
- Global Antimicrobial Non-Susceptibility Patterns ofInfection and drug resistance · 2026Review
- Charting new territory: outpatient stewardship in immunocompromised patients (first of a two-part series).Antimicrobial stewardship & healthcare epidemiology : ASHE · 2026Review
- Immunization with recombinantExperimental biology and medicine (Maywood, N.J.) · 2024Article
- Antimicrobial susceptibility and serotype distribution ofTranslational pediatrics · 2023Article
- Nasopharyngeal carriage and antibiotic susceptibility patterns ofAfrican health sciences · 2023Article
- The Interventions and Challenges of Antimicrobial Stewardship in the Emergency Department.Antibiotics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Review
- Nasopharyngeal Carriage in Children After the Introduction of Generalized Infant Pneumococcal Conjugate Vaccine Immunization in Germany.Frontiers in medicine · 2021Article
- Trends in antimicrobial susceptibility patterns in King Fahad Medical City, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.Saudi medical journal · 2019Article
- Article
- Antibiotic Recommendations for Acute Otitis Media and Acute Bacterial Sinusitis: Conundrum No More.The Pediatric infectious disease journal · 2018Article
- The immunological mechanisms that control pneumococcal carriage.PLoS pathogens · 2017Review
- Children with respiratory tract infections in Swedish primary care; prevalence of antibiotic resistance in common respiratory tract pathogens and relation to antibiotic consumption.BMC infectious diseases · 2017Article
- Article
- Otitis Media in Fully Vaccinated Preschool Children in the Pneumococcal Conjugate Vaccine Era.Global pediatric health · 2017Article
- Review
- Rising total costs and mortality rates associated with admissions due to COPD exacerbations.Respiratory research · 2016Observational
- Antibiotic resistance of Streptococcus pneumoniae, isolated from nasopharynx of preschool children with acute respiratory tract infection in Lithuania.BMC infectious diseases · 2016Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
9 authors at 5 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundAfter the implementation of pneumococcal conjugate vaccines (PCVs), the marked shift in Streptococcus pneumoniae (Pnc) serotype distribution led to a modification in pneumococcal antibiotic susceptibility. In 2011, the pattern of antibiotic prescription in France for acute otitis media in infants was greatly modified, with decreased use of third-generation cephalosporins and amoxicillin-clavulanate replaced by amoxicillin alone. To assess antibiotic strategies, here we measured the antibiotic susceptibility of Pnc and Haemophilus influenzae (Hi) isolated from nasopharyngeal flora in infants with acute otitis media in the 13-valent PCV (PCV13) era in France.
methodsFrom November 2006 to June 2013, 77 pediatricians obtained nasopharyngeal swabs from infants (6 to 24 months old) with acute otitis media. The swabs were sent for analysis to the national reference centre for pneumococci in France. Demographics, medical history, and physical examination findings were recorded.
resultsWe examined data for 7200 children, 3498 in the pre-PCV13 period (2006-2009) and 3702 in the post-PCV13 period (2010-2013). The Pnc carriage rate decreased from 57.9% to 54.2% between the 2 periods, and the proportion of pneumococcal strains with reduced susceptibility to penicillin or resistant to penicillin decreased from 47.1% to 39% (P < 0.0001). The Hi carriage rate increased from 48.2% to 52.4%, with the proportion of ß-lactamase-producing strains decreasing from 17.1% to 11.9% and the proportion of ß-lactamase-nonproducing, ampicillin-resistant strains remaining stable, from 7.7% to 8.2%. We did not identify any risk factor associated with carriage of ß-lactamase-producing Hi strains (such as daycare center attendance, otitis-prone condition or recent antibiotic use).
conclusionIn France, the nasopharyngeal carriage rate of reduced-susceptibility pneumococcal strains and ß-lactamase-producing Hi strains decreased in children with acute otitis media after 2010, the year the PCV13 was introduced. Accordingly, amoxicillin as the first-line drug for acute otitis media requiring antibiotics remains a valid choice.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.