ArticlePlastic and reconstructive surgery. Global open2015
Postoperative Pain and Length of Stay Lowered by Use of Exparel in Immediate, Implant-Based Breast Reconstruction.
Article in Plastic and reconstructive surgery. Global open, 2015. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to 2 registered trials, which are not on this map. Cited by 20 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
The Use of Liposomal Bupivacaine for Pain Control Following Mastectomy and Breast Reconstruction
A Randomized Controlled Trial of the Effect of Liposomal Bupivacaine (Exparel) When Compared to Saline Control in Reducing Opioid Utilization for Pain Management in Postoperative Lumbar Spine Surgeries.
Who cites it
20 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 57 citations in OpenAlex.
- Effectiveness and safety of liposomal bupivacaine in autologous breast reconstruction: a systematic review.Frontiers in medicine · 2026Pooled it
- Liposomal bupivacaine after reduction mammaplasty: is it worth the shot? A single-blind, breast-split randomized clinical trial.JPRAS open · 2026Article
- Does Liposomal Bupivacaine Reduce Postoperative Opioid Use in Tissue Expander Based Breast Reconstruction?Aesthetic plastic surgery · 2026Article
- Long-Term Opioid Use After Free Flap Breast Reconstruction: Incidence and Associated Factors.Plastic surgery (Oakville, Ont.) · 2025Article
- Liposomal bupivacaine and postoperative opioid consumption for oncologic and non-oncologic breast procedures: a literature review and meta-analysis.Reports of practical oncology and radiotherapy : journal of Greatpoland Cancer Center in Poznan and Polish Society of Radiation Oncology · 2025Review
- Regional Blocks Benefit Patients Undergoing Bilateral Mastectomy with Immediate Implant-Based Reconstruction, Even After Discharge.Annals of surgical oncology · 2024Article
- OPTIMAL ANALGESIA FOR BREAST SURGERY ENHANCED RECOVERY IN DAY SURGERY.Acta clinica Croatica · 2022Article
- Novel Local Anesthetics in Clinical Practice: Pharmacologic Considerations and Potential Roles for the Future.Anesthesiology and pain medicine · 2022Review
- Opioid-sparing Strategies in Alloplastic Breast Reconstruction: A Systematic Review.Plastic and reconstructive surgery. Global open · 2021Article
- Liposomal bupivacaine for prolonging analgesia with TAP blocks-two steps forward, one step back.Canadian journal of anaesthesia = Journal canadien d'anesthesie · 2021Article
- Intraoperative Intercostal Nerve Block for Postoperative Pain Control in Pre-Pectoral versus Subpectoral Direct-to-Implant Breast Reconstruction: A Retrospective Study.Medicina (Kaunas, Lithuania) · 2020Article
- Latest Trends in Subpectoral Breast Reconstruction.Seminars in plastic surgery · 2019Review
- Alginate encapsulation for bupivacaine delivery and mesenchymal stromal cell immunomodulatory cotherapy.Journal of inflammation research · 2019Article
- Impact of intercostal nerve blocks using liposomal versus standard bupivacaine on length of stay in minimally invasive thoracic surgery patients.Journal of thoracic disease · 2018Article
- Does Subcutaneous Infiltration of Liposomal Bupivacaine Following Single-Level Transforaminal Lumbar Interbody Fusion Surgery Improve Immediate Postoperative Pain Control?Asian spine journal · 2018Article
- Liposomal Bupivacaine in Implant-Based Breast Reconstruction.Plastic and reconstructive surgery. Global open · 2017Article
- Multimodal Analgesia in Breast Surgical Procedures: Technical and Pharmacological Considerations for Liposomal Bupivacaine Use.Plastic and reconstructive surgery. Global open · 2017Article
- Postoperative Pain Management With Liposomal Bupivacaine in Patients Undergoing Orthopedic Knee and Hip Arthroplasty at a Community Hospital.Hospital pharmacy · 2017Article
- Efficacy of New Long-Acting Bupivacaine HTX-011 in Providing Pain Relief for Patients Undergoing Elective Surgery - A Meta-analysis of Prospective Randomized Controlled Trials.Anesthesia, essays and researchesArticle
- Pain management strategies in penile implantation.Asian journal of andrologyReview
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
10 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundPatients undergoing mastectomy and prosthetic breast reconstruction have significant acute postsurgical pain, routinely mandating inpatient hospitalization. Liposomal bupivacaine (LB) (Exparel; Pacira Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Parsippany, N.J.) has been shown to be a safe and effective pain reliever in the immediate postoperative period and may be advantageous for use in mastectomy and breast reconstruction patients.
methodsRetrospective review of 90 immediate implant-based breast reconstruction patient charts was completed. Patients were separated into 3 groups of 30 consecutively treated patients who received 1 of 3 pain treatment modalities: intravenous/oral narcotic pain control (control), bupivacaine pain pump, or LB injection. Length of hospital stay, patient-reported Visual Analog Scale (VAS) pain scores, postoperative patient-controlled analgesia usage, and nausea-related medication use were abstracted and subjected to analysis of variance and multiple linear-regression analysis, as appropriate.
resultsSubjects were well-matched for age (P = 0.24) regardless of pain-control modality. Roughly half (53%) of control and pain pump-treated subjects had bilateral procedures, as opposed to 80% of LB subjects. Mean length of stay for LB subjects was significantly less than control (1.5 days vs 2.00 days; P = 0.016). LB subjects reported significantly lower VAS pain scores at 4, 8, 12, 16, and 24 hours compared with pain pump and control (P < 0.01). There were no adverse events in the LB group.
conclusionUse of LB in this group of immediate breast reconstruction patients was associated with decreased patient VAS pain scores in the immediate postoperative period compared with bupivacaine pain pump and intravenous/oral narcotic pain management and reduced inpatient length of stay.
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.