ArticleNeuropsychiatric disease and treatment2015
Are there distinct subtypes in Tourette syndrome? Pure-Tourette syndrome versus Tourette syndrome-plus, and simple versus complex tics.
Article in Neuropsychiatric disease and treatment, 2015. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 31 papers.
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Who cites it
31 citing papers in PubMed, 61 citations in OpenAlex.
- Combined habit reversal training and exposure response prevention in a group setting compared to individual training: a randomized controlled clinical trial.European child & adolescent psychiatry · 2019Trial
- Tourette syndrome.Nature reviews. Disease primers · 2026Review
- "I swear it's not Tourette's!" - it is time to rethink coprolalia in Tourette syndrome.Frontiers in psychiatry · 2026Article
- Emerging Therapeutic Approaches for Tic Alleviation in Tourette Syndrome: The Role of Micronutrients.Neurology international · 2025Review
- Identifying Distinct Tourette Disorder Subtypes using Clinical Data.medRxiv : the preprint server for health sciences · 2025Article
- Co-occurring Neurodevelopmental Conditions in Children: Advocating for Transdiagnostic Approach to Assessments.Journal of autism and developmental disorders · 2025Article
- Coprophenomena Associated With Worse Individual and Family Function for Youth With Tourette Syndrome: A Cross-Sectional Study.Neurology. Clinical practice · 2025Article
- Co-design of the neurodevelopment assessment scale.Frontiers in child and adolescent psychiatry · 2025Article
- Deep brain stimulation for Tourette's syndrome.The Cochrane database of systematic reviews · 2024Article
- Clinical characteristics of pediatric patients with treatment-refractory Tourette syndrome: An evidence-based survey in a Chinese population.World journal of psychiatry · 2022Article
- The Behavioral and Emotional Profile of Pediatric Tourette Syndrome Based on CBCL in a Chinese Sample.Frontiers in psychiatry · 2022Article
- Premonitory Urges Reconsidered: Urge Location Corresponds to Tic Location in Patients With Primary Tic Disorders.Journal of movement disorders · 2022Article
- Comparison of Quantitative Electroencephalography between Tic Disorder and Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder in Children.Clinical psychopharmacology and neuroscience : the official scientific journal of the Korean College of Neuropsychopharmacology · 2021Article
- The sooner the better: clinical and neural correlates of impulsive choice in Tourette disorder.Translational psychiatry · 2021Article
- Candidate Genes and Pathways Associated with Gilles de la Tourette Syndrome-Where Are We?Genes · 2021Review
- The Effectiveness of Lurasidone Add-On for Residual Aggressive Behavior and Obsessive Symptoms in Antipsychotic-Treated Children and Adolescents with Tourette Syndrome: Preliminary Evidence from a Case Series.Children (Basel, Switzerland) · 2021Article
- Editorial: Gilles de la Tourette Syndrome: Cross-Cultural Perspectives With a Focus on the Asia-Pacific Region.Frontiers in psychiatry · 2021Article
- Deep Brain Stimulation for Gilles de la Tourette Syndrome: Toward Limbic Targets.Brain sciences · 2020Article
- Tourette Syndrome Risk Genes Regulate Mitochondrial Dynamics, Structure, and Function.Frontiers in psychiatry · 2020Article
- Clinical Features That Evoke the Concept of Disinhibition in Tourette Syndrome.Frontiers in psychiatry · 2020Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
2 authors at 2 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
This study addressed several questions relating to the core features of Tourette syndrome (TS) including in particular coprolalia (involuntary utterance of obscene words) and copropraxia (involuntary and inappropriate rude gesturing). A cohort of 400 TS patients was investigated. We observed that coprolalia occurred in 39% of the full cohort of 400 patients and copropraxia occurred in 20% of the cohort. Those with coprolalia had significantly higher Yale Global Tic Severity Scale (YGTSS) and Diagnostic Confidence Index (DCI) total scores and a significantly higher proportion also experienced copropraxia and echolalia. A subgroup of 222 TS patients with full comorbidity data available were also compared based on whether they had pure-TS (motor and vocal tics only) or associated comorbidities and co-existent psychopathologies (TS-plus). Pure-TS and TS-plus groups were compared across a number of characteristics including TS severity, associated clinical features, and family history. In this subgroup, 13.5% had pure-TS, while the remainder had comorbidities and psychopathologies consistent with TS-plus. Thirty-nine percent of the TS-plus group displayed coprolalia, compared to (0%) of the pure-TS group and the difference in proportions was statistically significant. The only other significant difference found between the two groups was that pure-TS was associated with no family history of obsessive compulsive disorder which is an interesting finding that may suggest that additional genes or environmental factors may be at play when TS is associated with comorbidities. Finally, differences between individuals with simple versus complex vocal/motor tics were evaluated. Results indicated that individuals with complex motor/vocal tics were significantly more likely to report premonitory urges/sensations than individuals with simple tics and TS. The implications of these findings for the assessment and understanding of TS are discussed.
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