ReviewMediators of inflammation2015
Understanding the Mysterious M2 Macrophage through Activation Markers and Effector Mechanisms.
Review in Mediators of inflammation, 2015. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1,048 papers.
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Who cites it
1,048 citing papers in PubMed, 1,711 citations in OpenAlex.
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- The language of the immune system: Part 1: Cytokine conversations and conversationalists.ImmunoHorizons · 2026Review
- d-serine as a metabolic immune checkpoint in the tumour microenvironment.EBioMedicine · 2026Article
- Macrophage-induced immunomodulation in oral tissue repair and regeneration: Recent advances and future perspectives.Journal of advanced research · 2026Review
- Longitudinal analysis reveals myeloid cell contributions to murine neuroPASC pathogenesis.Nature communications · 2026Article
- Metabolic regulation of macrophage polarization in myocardial infarction: from mechanisms to targeted therapies.Journal of translational medicine · 2026Review
- Liver Macrophages in the Pathogenesis of Viral Hepatitis.Current issues in molecular biology · 2026Review
- RNY1 Is Heterogeneously Partitioned in Inflamed Airway Fluid and Modulates Pro-Inflammatory Macrophage Transcriptional Programming.Journal of extracellular biology · 2026Article
- Machine learning-based prediction of ICU admission and mortality in Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever by using wide-range targeted metabolomics.BMC infectious diseases · 2026Article
- Multifactorial effects of LGALS1 blockade sensitize tumors to immune checkpoint inhibitor.Experimental hematology & oncology · 2026Article
- Uniform pore morphology of bijel-templated materials reduces cell circularity and inflammatory expression of macrophages.Materials today. Bio · 2026Article
- A canine macrophage cell line that can be polarized provides a model for canine macrophage differentiation.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- Review
- The vicious cycle from inflammation to pyroptosis: the core role of macrophage polarization imbalance in the pathogenesis of knee osteoarthritis.Molecular biology reports · 2026Review
988 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
1 author at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
The alternatively activated or M2 macrophages are immune cells with high phenotypic heterogeneity and are governing functions at the interface of immunity, tissue homeostasis, metabolism, and endocrine signaling. Today the M2 macrophages are identified based on the expression pattern of a set of M2 markers. These markers are transmembrane glycoproteins, scavenger receptors, enzymes, growth factors, hormones, cytokines, and cytokine receptors with diverse and often yet unexplored functions. This review discusses whether these M2 markers can be reliably used to identify M2 macrophages and define their functional subdivisions. Also, it provides an update on the novel signals of the tissue environment and the neuroendocrine system which shape the M2 activation. The possible evolutionary roots of the M2 macrophage functions are also discussed.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.