Evidence map›Paper›PMID 26089559›Full record

ArticleAmerican journal of pharmaceutical education2015

Determining the Sufficiency of Cultural Competence Instruction in Pharmacy School Curriculum.

Olihe Okoro, Folakemi Odedina, W Thomas Smith

Abstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in American journal of pharmaceutical education, 2015. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 16 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
16citing papers in PubMed, 2 pooled it
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

16 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.

  1. Pooled it
  2. Pooled it
  3. Review
  4. Article
  5. Article
  6. Article
  7. Article
  8. Article
  9. Article
  10. Article
  11. Article
  12. Article
  13. Review
  14. Article
  15. Article
  16. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

3 authors.

Olihe OkoroUniversity of Minnesota, Duluth, Minnesota.
Folakemi OdedinaUniversity of Florida, Gainesville, Florida.
W Thomas SmithUniversity of Florida, Gainesville, Florida.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

objectiveTo assess the change in the level of cultural competency and knowledge of health disparities among students in the third year of the doctor of pharmacy (PharmD) program at the University of Florida and to explore the demographic correlates.

methodsA cross-sectional survey was conducted in 3 consecutive academic years. Chi-square tests, analysis of variance (ANOVA), and multivariate regression were used for data analysis.

resultsFollowing the inclusion of relevant instruction, there was some increase in knowledge of health disparities and self-awareness, but no significant increase in cultural competency skills. More students reported receiving relevant instruction within the pharmacy school curriculum than outside the curriculum.

conclusionCurrent effort to incorporate cultural competence and health disparities instruction into the pharmacy curriculum has met with some success. However, there is a need to establish standards on how much relevant training is required and further explore ways to effectively incorporate it into pharmacy education.

Indexed as

CurriculumAdultCommunicationCross-Sectional StudiesCultural CompetencyEducation, PharmacyEthnicityFemaleHealth Status DisparitiesHumansMaleMiddle AgedSchools, PharmacyStudents, PharmacySurveys and QuestionnairesYoung Adultcultural competencycurriculumhealth disparitiespharmacy students

Identifiers

PMID26089559
PMCPMC4469016

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.