Evidence map›Paper›PMID 26089520›Full record

ArticleScience (New York, N.Y.)2015

VACCINES. A mucosal vaccine against Chlamydia trachomatis generates two waves of protective memory T cells.

Georg Stary, Andrew Olive, Aleksandar F Radovic-Moreno, David Gondek, David Alvarez, Pamela A Basto, Mario Perro, Vladimir D Vrbanac, Andrew M Tager, Jinjun Shi and 5 more

Open access · greenAbstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Science (New York, N.Y.), 2015. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 251 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
251citing papers in PubMed
18.4field-weighted citation impact, top 1% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

251 citing papers in PubMed, 367 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Article
  2. Single-Cell Profiling Identifies Skin-Resident Memory CD4European journal of immunology · 2026
    Article
  3. Article
  4. Review
  5. Article
  6. Article
  7. Article
  8. The roles and heterogeneity of CD8International journal of molecular medicine · 2026
    Review
  9. Article
  10. Article
  11. Article
  12. Article
  13. AFrontiers in immunology · 2026
    Article
  14. Article
  15. Impact of oralmSystems · 2025
    Article
  16. UnveilingiScience · 2025
    Article
  17. CD4Immunology and cell biology · 2025
    Review
  18. Review
  19. Article
  20. Article

191 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

15 authors at 6 institutions in 2 countries.

Georg Stary *Division of Immunology, Department of Microbiology and Immunobiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
Andrew Olive *Division of Immunology, Department of Microbiology and Immunobiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
Aleksandar F Radovic-Moreno *Harvard-MIT Division of Health Sciences & Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA.
David GondekDivision of Immunology, Department of Microbiology and Immunobiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
David AlvarezDivision of Immunology, Department of Microbiology and Immunobiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
Pamela A BastoHarvard-MIT Division of Health Sciences & Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA.
Mario PerroDivision of Immunology, Department of Microbiology and Immunobiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
Vladimir D VrbanacThe Center for Immunology and Inflammatory Diseases, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA.
Andrew M TagerThe Center for Immunology and Inflammatory Diseases, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA.
Jinjun ShiLaboratory of Nanomedicine and Biomaterials, Department of Anesthesiology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
Jeremy A YethonSanofi Pasteur, Cambridge MA 02139, USA.
Omid C FarokhzadLaboratory of Nanomedicine and Biomaterials, Department of Anesthesiology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
Robert LangerHarvard-MIT Division of Health Sciences & Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA.
Michael N StarnbachDivision of Immunology, Department of Microbiology and Immunobiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
Ulrich H von AndrianDivision of Immunology, Department of Microbiology and Immunobiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
Harvard University · USHarvard–MIT Division of Health Sciences and Technology · USBrigham and Women's Hospital · USMassachusetts General Hospital · USRagon Institute of MGH, MIT and Harvard · USSanofi (United States) · US

Funding

The impact of HIV viral diversity and cellular immunity on HIV pathogenesisP30AI060354 · NIAID · HARVARD UNIVERSITY (MEDICAL SCHOOL) · PI ROBERT A. PARKER · 2004 to 2026
$94.4M
TREATMENT OF CANCER WITH siRNA DELVIERED BY NANOPARTICLESU54CA119349 · NCI · MASSACHUSETTS INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY · PI BELCHER, ANGELA M. · 2005 to 2009
$20.5M
Cytotoxic T Cell Mediated Immunity to ChlamydiaR01AI039558 · NIAID · HARVARD UNIVERSITY (MEDICAL SCHOOL) · PI STARNBACH, MICHAEL N · 2001 to 2025
$15.6M
The EPI-STI Biostatistics and Bioinformatics Core (Cuzick/Wheeler)U19AI113187 · NIAID · UNIVERSITY OF NEW MEXICO HEALTH SCIS CTR · PI WHEELER, COSETTE MARIE · 2014 to 2018
$12.6M
Visualizing Effects of Costimulation on Antiviral ImmunityP01AI078897 · NIAID · HARVARD MEDICAL SCHOOL · PI VON ANDRIAN, ULRICH H · 2008 to 2012
$12.1M
The Development of Clinical Grade, Targeted Magnetic NanoparticlesU54CA151884 · NCI · MASSACHUSETTS INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY · PI LANGER, ROBERT SAMUEL · 2010 to 2014
$11.3M
Tetramer CoreU19AI095261 · NIAID · MASSACHUSETTS GENERAL HOSPITAL · PI VON ANDRIAN, ULRICH H · 2011 to 2015
$10.8M
TRANSFUSION BIOLOGY AND MEDICINET32HL066987 · NHLBI · CHILDREN'S HOSPITAL BOSTON · PI JOHN P MANIS · 2001 to 2026
$10.2M
P3: Chemokine-Mediated T Cell Trafficking in HIV Transmission and Immune ResponseP01AI112521 · NIAID · HARVARD MEDICAL SCHOOL · PI LUSTER, ANDREW · 2014 to 2018
$9.8M
CONTROLLED RELEASE OF MACROMOLECULESR01EB000244 · NIBIB · MASSACHUSETTS INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY · PI LANGER, ROBERT SAMUEL, TRAVERSO, CARLO GIOVANNI · 2002 to 2021
$6.1M
T Cell Activation in Lymph NodesR01AI069259 · NIAID · IMMUNE DISEASE INSTITUTE, INC. · PI VON ANDRIAN, ULRICH H · 2006 to 2015
$4.5M
Generation and Function of NK Cell MemoryR01AI111595 · NIAID · HARVARD MEDICAL SCHOOL · PI VON ANDRIAN, ULRICH H · 2013 to 2017
$4.1M
NCI NIH HHS R00 CA160350NCI NIH HHS U54 CA119349NCI NIH HHS U54-CA119349NCI NIH HHS U54 CA151884NCI NIH HHS U54-CA151884NHLBI NIH HHS T32 HL066987NIAID NIH HHS AI069259NIAID NIH HHS AI078897NIAID NIH HHS AI095261NIAID NIH HHS AI111595NIAID NIH HHS P01 AI078897NIAID NIH HHS P01 AI112521NIAID NIH HHS P30 AI060354NIAID NIH HHS P30-AI060354NIAID NIH HHS R01 AI039558NIAID NIH HHS R01 AI062827NIAID NIH HHS R01 AI069259NIAID NIH HHS R01 AI072252NIAID NIH HHS R01 AI111595NIAID NIH HHS R01 AI39558NIAID NIH HHS U19 AI095261NIAID NIH HHS U19 AI113187NIBIB NIH HHS 1 R01-EB015419-01NIBIB NIH HHS R01 EB000244NIBIB NIH HHS R01 EB015419NIBIB NIH HHS R37 EB000244NIBIB NIH HHS R37-EB000244
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Genital Chlamydia trachomatis (Ct) infection induces protective immunity that depends on interferon-γ-producing CD4 T cells. By contrast, we report that mucosal exposure to ultraviolet light (UV)-inactivated Ct (UV-Ct) generated regulatory T cells that exacerbated subsequent Ct infection. We show that mucosal immunization with UV-Ct complexed with charge-switching synthetic adjuvant particles (cSAPs) elicited long-lived protection in conventional and humanized mice. UV-Ct-cSAP targeted immunogenic uterine CD11b(+)CD103(-) dendritic cells (DCs), whereas UV-Ct accumulated in tolerogenic CD11b(-)CD103(+) DCs. Regardless of vaccination route, UV-Ct-cSAP induced systemic memory T cells, but only mucosal vaccination induced effector T cells that rapidly seeded uterine mucosa with resident memory T cells (T(RM) cells). Optimal Ct clearance required both T(RM) seeding and subsequent infection-induced recruitment of circulating memory T cells. Thus, UV-Ct-cSAP vaccination generated two synergistic memory T cell subsets with distinct migratory properties.

Indexed as

Immunologic MemoryAdjuvants, ImmunologicAnimalsAntigens, CDBacterial VaccinesCD11 AntigensCD8-Positive T-LymphocytesChlamydia InfectionsChlamydia trachomatisDendritic CellsFemaleIntegrin alpha ChainsMiceMice, Inbred BALB CMice, Inbred C57BLMucous MembraneAdjuvants, Immunologicalpha E integrinsAntigens, CDBacterial VaccinesCD11 AntigensIntegrin alpha ChainsVaccines, Inactivated

Identifiers

PMID26089520
PMCPMC4605428
OpenAlexW1581039134

What OpenQuestion holds

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.