ReviewCell death & disease2015
T-cell exhaustion in the tumor microenvironment.
Review in Cell death & disease, 2015. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT03371992 (Pilot Study of the Nilogen Ex-Vivo Assay), which is not on this map. Cited by 743 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Pilot Study of the Nilogen Ex-Vivo Assay (3D-EX) and Its Ability to Predict Therapeutic Response to Anti-PD1 (Nivolumab, Embrolizumab) or Anti-PDL1(Atezolizumab) in Advanced Non-small Cell Lung Cancer (NSCLC)
Who cites it
743 citing papers in PubMed.
- Proton versus photon radiotherapy for patients with oropharyngeal cancer in the USA: a multicentre, randomised, open-label, non-inferiority phase 3 trial.Lancet (London, England) · 2026Trial
- Effects of Bojungikki-Tang on immune response and clinical outcomes in NSCLC patients receiving immune checkpoint inhibitors: a randomized pilot study.BMC cancer · 2025Trial
- The LXRβ/NF-κB axis reprograms CAR-T cells to resist exhaustion in the tumor microenvironment.Oncoimmunology · 2026Article
- Article
- A single-cell atlas of human neutrophils reveals neutrophil heterogeneity across health and disease.Nature immunology · 2026Article
- Developing a Dual-Targeting CD33/CD70 CAR T-Cell Strategy Against Acute Myeloid Leukemia to Overcome Tumor Heterogeneity.Cancers · 2026Article
- Dodonaea viscosa in Breast Cancer: Phytochemistry, Anticancer Mechanisms, and Emerging Immunotherapeutic and Translational Perspectives.Cancer medicine · 2026Review
- Reduced Pathogen-Specific T Cell Response With BCMA-Targeted T Cell-Engaging Therapy to Multiple Myeloma.EJHaem · 2026Article
- Review
- Short-chain fatty acids act as metabolic and epigenetic regulators in CAR T cell therapy.Molecular therapy. Oncology · 2026Review
- Oral nano-delivery of a gut microbial metabolite enhances T cell stemness for cancer immunotherapy.Nature nanotechnology · 2026Article
- T cells are blind to the dark mechanics of tumors.Trends open · 2026Review
- Spatial multi omic profiling maps hypoxia-driven pro-fibrotic SPP1Experimental hematology & oncology · 2026Article
- Fusion-driven oncogenic programs shape the immune landscape in translocation renal cell carcinoma.Nature communications · 2026Article
- DUSP4 promotes anti-tumor CD8Nature communications · 2026Article
- Human Group IIA Secreted Phospholipase AInternational journal of molecular sciences · 2026Review
- Turning off methylglyoxal stress: an alternative approach to inhibit MDSC expansion and metastasis in triple-negative breast cancer.Journal for immunotherapy of cancer · 2026Article
- OMA1 protects from liver injury and tumorigenesis during aging by controlling hepatic immunogenicity.The EMBO journal · 2026Article
- The Dendritic Cell-based Vaccine PROTEXI leverages Antiviral CD4 T cell Memory to boost anti-tumor immune responses in mice.Nature communications · 2026Article
- Distinct thymic pDC populations promote tumor immune tolerance through complementary mechanisms.Science advances · 2026Article
683 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
3 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
T-cell exhaustion was originally identified during chronic infection in mice, and was subsequently observed in humans with cancer. The exhausted T cells in the tumor microenvironment show overexpressed inhibitory receptors, decreased effector cytokine production and cytolytic activity, leading to the failure of cancer elimination. Restoring exhausted T cells represents an inspiring strategy for cancer treatment, which has yielded promising results and become a significant breakthrough in the cancer immunotherapy. In this review, we overview the updated understanding on the exhausted T cells in cancer and their potential regulatory mechanisms and discuss current therapeutic interventions targeting exhausted T cells in clinical trials.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.