ArticlePloS one2015
Diagnosis of Leptospirosis: Comparison between Microscopic Agglutination Test, IgM-ELISA and IgM Rapid Immunochromatography Test.
Article in PloS one, 2015. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 76 papers, 6 of them syntheses that pooled it.
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Who cites it
76 citing papers in PubMed, 6 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 166 citations in OpenAlex.
- Drivers of humanEpidemiology and infection · 2024Pooled it
- Accuracy of rapid lateral flow immunoassays for human leptospirosis diagnosis: A systematic review and meta-analysis.PLoS neglected tropical diseases · 2024Pooled it
- Diagnosis of human leptospirosis: systematic review and meta-analysis of the diagnostic accuracy of the Leptospira microscopic agglutination test, PCR targeting Lfb1, and IgM ELISA to Leptospira fainei serovar Hurstbridge.BMC infectious diseases · 2024Pooled it
- Rapid diagnostic test (Leptocheck-WB) for detection of acute leptospirosis: a meta-analysis of diagnostic accuracy.European journal of clinical microbiology & infectious diseases : official publication of the European Society of Clinical Microbiology · 2022Pooled it
- Epidemiology of leptospirosis in Tanzania: A review of the current status, serogroup diversity and reservoirs.PLoS neglected tropical diseases · 2021Pooled it
- Diagnostic accuracy of leptospirosis whole-cell lateral flow assays: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Clinical microbiology and infection : the official publication of the European Society of Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases · 2019Pooled it
- Probable Leptospirosis in the Adventure Traveler with Freshwater Exposure: Narrative Review and Case Series.Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
- Retrospective Molecular Detection and Characterization of PathogenicTropical medicine and infectious disease · 2026Article
- Early diagnosis and treatment of leptospirosis: Optimizing clinical outcomes.The Journal of infection · 2026Review
- Laboratory Diagnosis of Leptospirosis.Methods in molecular biology (Clifton, N.J.) · 2026Review
- A Guidance for Diagnosis, Control Measures, and Surveillance of Leptospirosis in Non-Human Primates From a Veterinary Perspective in a One-Health Approach.Journal of medical primatology · 2025Review
- Development of leptospiral virulence-modifying protein detection assay: implications for pathogenesis and diagnostic test development.Microbiology spectrum · 2025Article
- Human leptospirosis in the central division of Fiji: a retrospective epidemiological study.Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene · 2025Article
- Leptospirosis Cases During the 2024 Catastrophic Flood in Rio Grande Do Sul, Brazil.Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Through the Haze of Hemorrhage: Unraveling Leptospirosis With Diffuse Alveolar Hemorrhage.Cureus · 2025Article
- Leptospirosis in humans and animals in Malaysia: A review from 1976 to 2023.Veterinary world · 2025Review
- Article
- Uncovering latent infections in kidneys: A novel molecular approach for differentialCurrent research in microbial sciences · 2025Article
- Herd and animal level seroprevalence and associated risk factors of Leptospira interrogans sensu lato serovar Hardjo in cattle in southwest Ethiopia.BMC veterinary research · 2024Article
- Serologically Confirmed Human Leptospirosis in Colombia, 2015-2020.The American journal of tropical medicine and hygiene · 2024Article
16 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
12 authors at 5 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundLeptospirosis is diagnosed on clinical grounds, and confirmed by microscopic agglutination test (MAT). IgM-ELISA (Serion-Virion) and immunochromatography test (Leptocheck-WB) are two immunodiagnostic assays for leptospirosis. Their sensitivity, specificity and applicability in Sri Lanka have not been systematically evaluated.
methodsClinically diagnosed leptospirosis patients (n = 919) were recruited from three hospitals in the Western Province of Sri Lanka, during June 2012 to December 2013. MAT, IgM-ELISA and Leptocheck-WB were performed on all patient sera. MAT titer of ≥ 400 in single sample, four-fold rise or seroconversion ≥ 100 in paired samples were considered as positive for MAT. For diagnostic confirmation, MAT was performed during both acute and convalescent phases. Anti-leptospiral IgM ≥ 20 IU/ml and appearance of a band in the test window were considered as positive for IgM-ELISA and Leptocheck-WB test respectively. Patients with an alternative diagnosis (n = 31) were excluded. Data analysis was performed using two methods, i) considering MAT as reference standard and ii) using Bayesian latent class model analysis (BLCM) which considers each test as imperfect.
resultsMAT, IgM-ELISA and Leptocheck-WB positivity were 39.8%, 45.8% and 38.7% respectively during the acute phase. Acute-phase MAT had specificity and sensitivity of 95.7% and 55.3% respectively, when compared to overall MAT positivity. IgM-ELISA and Leptocheck-WB had similar diagnostic sensitivity when compared with acute-phase MAT as the gold standard, although IgM-ELISA showed higher specificity (84.5%) than Leptocheck-WB (73.3%). BLCM analysis showed that IgM-ELISA and Leptocheck-WB had similar sensitivities (86.0% and 87.4%), while acute-phase MAT had the lowest sensitivity (77.4%). However, acute-phase MAT had high specificity (97.6%), while IgM-ELISA and Leptocheck-WB showed similar but lower specificity (84.5% and 82.9%).
conclusionsBoth IgM-ELISA and Leptocheck-WB shows similar sensitivities and specificities. IgM-ELISA may be superior to MAT during the acute phase and suitable for early diagnosis of leptospirosis. Leptocheck-WB is suitable as a rapid immunodiagnostic screening test for resource limited settings.
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