ArticlePloS one2015
Development of Salivary Cortisol Circadian Rhythm and Reference Intervals in Full-Term Infants.
Article in PloS one, 2015. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. An erratum has been issued. Cited by 37 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
37 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 88 citations in OpenAlex.
- Development of 24-Hour Rhythms in Cortisol Secretion Across Infancy: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Individual Participant Data.The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism · 2025Pooled it
- Pooled it
- Salivary cortisol levels and stress in adults with profound intellectual and multiple disabilities participating in the Structured Water Dance Intervention: a randomised controlled crossover trial.Scientific reports · 2022Trial
- Circadian rhythms in microglia mediate early life synaptic development in a sex-specific manner.Cell reports · 2026Article
- Capturing Emotions Induced by Fragrances in Saliva: Objective Emotional Assessment Based on Molecular Biomarker Profiles.Biosensors · 2026Article
- A Case of Adrenocorticotropin-dependent Cushing Syndrome with Osilodrostat Exposure in Early Pregnancy.JCEM case reports · 2025Article
- StressFit: a hybrid wearable physicochemical sensor suite for simultaneously measuring electromyogram and sweat cortisol.Scientific reports · 2024Article
- Salivary Cortisol Levels after Hydrotherapy and Land-Based Therapy as a Marker of Stress in Children with Psychomotor Developmental Disorders: A Pilot Study.Journal of clinical medicine · 2024Article
- Advancements in Cortisol Detection: From Conventional Methods to Next-Generation Technologies for Enhanced Hormone Monitoring.ACS sensors · 2024Review
- Prenatal exposure to social adversity and infant cortisol in the first year of life.Stress (Amsterdam, Netherlands) · 2024Article
- Circadian rhythm and circulating cell-free DNA release on healthy subjects.Scientific reports · 2023Article
- A "Two-Part" Resonance Circuit Based Detachable Sweat Patch for Noninvasive Biochemical and Biophysical Sensing.Advanced functional materials · 2023Article
- Designing artificial circadian environments with multisensory cares for supporting preterm infants' growth in NICUs.Frontiers in neuroscience · 2023Review
- The influence of repeated pain exposure on morning salivary cortisol in term and preterm neonates.Pediatric endocrinology, diabetes, and metabolism · 2023Article
- Saliva cortisol diurnal variation and stress responses in term and preterm infants.Archives of disease in childhood. Fetal and neonatal edition · 2022Article
- Development of the circadian system in early life: maternal and environmental factors.Journal of physiological anthropology · 2022Review
- Maternal Stress, Early Life Factors and Infant Salivary Cortisol Levels.Children (Basel, Switzerland) · 2022Article
- Prenatal distress links maternal early life adversity to infant stress functioning in the next generation.Journal of psychopathology and clinical science · 2022Article
- Saliva Cortisol in Girls With Functional Abdominal Pain Disorders: A Randomized Controlled Dance and Yoga Intervention.Frontiers in pediatrics · 2022Article
- Precision caffeine therapy for apnea of prematurity and circadian rhythms: New possibilities open up.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2022Review
Corrections and comments
- Erratum issued
Authors and funding
6 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundCortisol concentrations in plasma display a circadian rhythm in adults and children older than one year. Earlier studies report divergent results regarding when cortisol circadian rhythm is established. The present study aims to investigate at what age infants develop a circadian rhythm, as well as the possible influences of behavioral regularity and daily life trauma on when the rhythm is established. Furthermore, we determine age-related reference intervals for cortisol concentrations in saliva during the first year of life.
methods130 healthy full-term infants were included in a prospective, longitudinal study with saliva sampling on two consecutive days, in the morning (07:30-09:30), noon (10:00-12:00) and evening (19:30-21:30), each month from birth until the infant was twelve months old. Information about development of behavioral regularity and potential exposure to trauma was obtained from the parents through the Baby Behavior Questionnaire and the Life Incidence of Traumatic Events checklist.
resultsA significant group-level circadian rhythm of salivary cortisol secretion was established at one month, and remained throughout the first year of life, although there was considerable individual variability. No correlation was found between development of cortisol circadian rhythm and the results from either the Baby Behavior Questionnaire or the Life Incidence of Traumatic Events checklist. The study presents salivary cortisol reference intervals for infants during the first twelve months of life.
conclusionsCortisol circadian rhythm in infants is already established by one month of age, earlier than previous studies have shown. The current study also provides first year age-related reference intervals for salivary cortisol levels in healthy, full-term infants.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.