Evidence map›Paper›PMID 26086668›Full record

ArticleScientific reports2015

The cuttlefish Sepia officinalis (Sepiidae, Cephalopoda) constructs cuttlebone from a liquid-crystal precursor.

Antonio G Checa, Julyan H E Cartwright, Isabel Sánchez-Almazo, José P Andrade, Francisco Ruiz-Raya

Open access · goldAbstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Scientific reports, 2015. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 22 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
22citing papers in PubMed
18.9field-weighted citation impact, top 1% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

22 citing papers in PubMed, 84 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Trial
  2. Periostracum Formation inAnimals : an open access journal from MDPI · 2026
    Article
  3. Review
  4. Article
  5. Acidic Osteoid Templates the Plywood Structure of Bone Tissue.Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) · 2024
    Article
  6. Article
  7. Untapped Potential of Deep Eutectic Solvents for the Synthesis of Bioinspired Inorganic-Organic Materials.Chemistry of materials : a publication of the American Chemical Society · 2023
    Review
  8. Article
  9. Review
  10. Article
  11. Mechanical design of the highly porous cuttlebone: A bioceramic hard buoyancy tank for cuttlefish.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2020
    Article
  12. Article
  13. Article
  14. Article
  15. Article
  16. Article
  17. Cuttlebone as a Marine-Derived Material for Preparing Bone Grafts.Marine biotechnology (New York, N.Y.) · 2018
    Article
  18. Article
  19. Cuttlebone-like VScientific reports · 2017
    Article
  20. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

5 authors at 3 institutions in 2 countries.

Antonio G Checa1] Departamento de Estratigrafía y Paleontología, Universidad de Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain [2] Instituto Andaluz de Ciencias de la Tierra, CSIC-Universidad de Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain.
Julyan H E CartwrightInstituto Andaluz de Ciencias de la Tierra, CSIC-Universidad de Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain.
Isabel Sánchez-AlmazoCentro de Instrumentación Científica, Universidad de Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain.
José P AndradeCentro de Ciências do Mar do Algarve, Universidade do Algarve, Faro, Portugal.
Francisco Ruiz-RayaDepartamento de Zoología, Universidad de Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain.
Universidad de Granada · ESInstituto Andaluz de Ciencias de la Tierra · ESUniversity of Algarve · PT

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Cuttlebone, the sophisticated buoyancy device of cuttlefish, is made of extensive superposed chambers that have a complex internal arrangement of calcified pillars and organic membranes. It has not been clear how this structure is assembled. We find that the membranes result from a myriad of minor membranes initially filling the whole chamber, made of nanofibres evenly oriented within each membrane and slightly rotated with respect to those of adjacent membranes, producing a helical arrangement. We propose that the organism secretes a chitin-protein complex, which self-organizes layer-by-layer as a cholesteric liquid crystal, whereas the pillars are made by viscous fingering. The liquid crystallization mechanism permits us to homologize the elements of the cuttlebone with those of other coleoids and with the nacreous septa and the shells of nautiloids. These results challenge our view of this ultra-light natural material possessing desirable mechanical, structural and biological properties, suggesting that two self-organizing physical principles suffice to understand its formation.

Indexed as

AnimalsBone and BonesCalcification, PhysiologicSepia

Identifiers

PMID26086668
PMCPMC4471886
OpenAlexW1591050975

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.