ArticlePloS one2015
Primary and Chronic HIV Infection Differently Modulates Mucosal Vδ1 and Vδ2 T-Cells Differentiation Profile and Effector Functions.
Article in PloS one, 2015. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 19 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
19 citing papers in PubMed, 23 citations in OpenAlex.
- Cytotoxic CX3CR1+ Vδ1 T cells clonally expand in an interplay of CMV, microbiota, and HIV-1 persistence in people on antiretroviral therapy.PLoS pathogens · 2025Trial
- Failure of γδ T Cell Recovery in the Gut With Effective Anti-HIV Therapy.Journal of immunology research · 2025Trial
- Harnessing Vδ1Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- Mucosal T-cell responses to chronic viral infections: Implications for vaccine design.Cellular & molecular immunology · 2024Review
- γδ T cells mediate robust anti-HIV functions during antiretroviral therapy regardless of immune checkpoint expression.Clinical & translational immunology · 2024Article
- Review
- Gut Innate Immunity and HIV Pathogenesis.Current HIV/AIDS reports · 2021Review
- What Can Gamma Delta T Cells Contribute to an HIV Cure?Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2020Review
- Boosting the Immune System for HIV Cure: A γδ T Cell Perspective.Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2020Review
- γδ T-cell responses during HIV infection and antiretroviral therapy.Clinical & translational immunology · 2019Review
- Increased frequency of systemic pro-inflammatory Vδ1Scientific reports · 2018Article
- Phenotypic and functional heterogeneity of peripheral γδ T cells in pulmonary TB and HIV patients in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.BMC infectious diseases · 2018Article
- Protective Role ofJournal of immunology research · 2018Review
- CD3ε Expression Defines Functionally Distinct Subsets of Vδ1 T Cells in Patients With Human Immunodeficiency Virus Infection.Frontiers in immunology · 2018Article
- Differentiating Immune Cell Targets in Gut-Associated Lymphoid Tissue for HIV Cure.AIDS research and human retroviruses · 2017Review
- Gut-homing Δ42PD1Nature microbiology · 2017Article
- Potential Role of Vδ2Frontiers in immunology · 2017Article
- Mucosal and Systemic γδ+ T Cells Associated with Control of Simian Immunodeficiency Virus Infection.Journal of immunology (Baltimore, Md. : 1950) · 2016Article
- Preservation of cytotoxic granule production in response to mycobacterial antigens by T-lymphocytes from vertically HIV-infected Brazilian youth on effective combined antiretroviral therapy.The Brazilian journal of infectious diseases : an official publication of the Brazilian Society of Infectious DiseasesArticle
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
11 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Gut-associated immune system has been identified as a major battlefield during the early phases of HIV infection. γδ T-cells, deeply affected in number and function after HIV infection, are able to act as a first line of defence against invading pathogens by producing antiviral soluble factors and by killing infected cells. Despite the relevant role in mucosal immunity, few data are available on gut-associated γδ T-cells during HIV infection. Aim of this work was to evaluate how primary (P-HIV) and chronic (C-HIV) HIV infection affects differentiation profile and functionality of circulating and gut-associated Vδ1 and Vδ2 T-cells. In particular, circulating and mucosal cells were isolated from respectively whole blood and residual gut samples from HIV-infected subjects with primary and chronic infection and from healthy donors (HD). Differentiation profile and functionality were analyzed by multiparametric flow cytometry. P-HIV and C-HIV were characterized by an increase in the frequency of effector Vδ1-T cells both in circulating and mucosal compartments. Moreover, during P-HIV mucosal Vδ1 T-cells expressed high levels of CD107a, suggesting a good effector cytotoxic capability of these cells in the early phase of infection that was lost in C-HIV. P-HIV induced an increase in circulating effector Vδ2 T-cells in comparison to C-HIV and HD. Notably, P-HIV as well as HD were characterized by the ability of mucosal Vδ2 T-cells to spontaneously produce IFN-γ that was lost in C-HIV. Altogether, our data showed for the first time a functional capability of mucosal Vδ1 and Vδ2 T-cells during P-HIV that was lost in C-HIV, suggesting exhaustion mechanisms induced by persistent stimulation.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.