ArticlePloS one2015
Cladribine Exposure Results in a Sustained Modulation of the Cytokine Response in Human Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells.
Article in PloS one, 2015. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 19 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
19 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 28 citations in OpenAlex.
- Cladribine for people with multiple sclerosis.The Cochrane database of systematic reviews · 2026Pooled it
- Primary Progressive Multiple Sclerosis: New Therapeutic Approaches.Neuropsychopharmacology reports · 2025Review
- Cladribine tablets in the new multiple sclerosis era.Therapeutic advances in neurological disorders · 2025Review
- Cladribine Ameliorates Imiquimod Induced Murine Psoriasiform Dermatitis.Clinical, cosmetic and investigational dermatology · 2025Article
- Molecular signature associated with cladribine treatment in patients with multiple sclerosis.Frontiers in immunology · 2023Article
- Repurposing MS immunotherapies for CIDP and other autoimmune neuropathies: unfulfilled promise or efficient strategy?Therapeutic advances in neurological disorders · 2023Review
- The protective role of the microenvironment in hairy cell leukemia treatment: Facts and perspectives.Frontiers in oncology · 2023Review
- Cladribine Reduces Trans-Endothelial Migration of Memory T Cells across an In Vitro Blood-Brain Barrier.Journal of clinical medicine · 2022Article
- Cytokine Secretion Dynamics of Isolated PBMC after Cladribine Exposure in RRMS Patients.International journal of molecular sciences · 2022Article
- Different Susceptibility of T and B Cells to Cladribine Depends On Their Levels of Deoxycytidine Kinase Activity Linked to Activation Status.Journal of neuroimmune pharmacology : the official journal of the Society on NeuroImmune Pharmacology · 2022Article
- Cladribine Treatment for MS Preserves the Differentiative Capacity of Subsequently Generated Monocytes, Whereas Its AdministrationFrontiers in immunology · 2022Article
- Article
- Treatment With Cladribine Selects IFNγ+IL17+ T Cells in RRMS Patients - AnFrontiers in immunology · 2021Article
- Differential Effects of MS Therapeutics on B Cells-Implications for Their Use and Failure in AQP4-Positive NMOSD Patients.International journal of molecular sciences · 2020Review
- Immune reconstitution therapies: concepts for durable remission in multiple sclerosis.Nature reviews. Neurology · 2020Review
- [Cladribine tablets : Oral immunotherapy of relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis with short yearly treatment periods].Der Nervenarzt · 2018Review
- Durable Resolution of Severe Psoriasis in a Patient Treated with Pentostatin for Hairy Cell Leukemia: A Case Report.Dermatology and therapy · 2018Article
- Cladribine to Treat Relapsing Forms of Multiple Sclerosis.Neurotherapeutics : the journal of the American Society for Experimental NeuroTherapeutics · 2017Review
- Both cladribine and alemtuzumab may effect MS via B-cell depletion.Neurology(R) neuroimmunology & neuroinflammation · 2017Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
5 authors at 2 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND
objectivesCladribine is a cytotoxic drug which ameliorates the clinical course of relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis. In addition to cytotoxicity, the mode of action may include immunomodulatory mechanisms. This in vitro study was designed to investigate cladribine's effects on cell function after the removal of cladribine to distinguish cytotoxic versus immunomodulatory effects.
methodsCells were incubated in the absence or presence of cladribine (1 × 10(-8) M to 1 × 10(-5) M) for 72 h. Cladribine was removed from the cell culture and surviving peripheral blood mononuclear cells were cultured up to 58 days to determine the immunomodulatory effects of cladribine on cell function (e.g., proliferation and cytokine release).
resultsIn the long-term, brief cladribine exposure did not impair the proliferation of surviving peripheral blood mononuclear cells. However, it induced an anti-inflammatory shift in the cytokine milieu with significantly enhanced release of IL-4 (Days 9 and 44, p<0.01; Day 58, p<0.05) and IL-5 (Day 9, p<0.01), resulting in an increased IL-4/INF-gamma ratio (Days 9 and 44, p<0.01; Day 58, p<0.05). Additionally, a trend towards an increased IL-10 production was observed. No changes were found in the production of IFN-gamma, TNF-alpha, IL-6, IL-8, IL-17A, IL-23 or NGF-beta.
conclusionsIn vitro cladribine exposure induces a sustained anti-inflammatory shift in the cytokine profile of surviving peripheral blood mononuclear cells. This immunomodulatory action might contribute to cladribine's beneficial effects in the treatment of multiple sclerosis.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.