ReviewClinical microbiology reviews2015
Pneumococcal Capsules and Their Types: Past, Present, and Future.
Review in Clinical microbiology reviews, 2015. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. An erratum has been issued. Cited by 377 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
377 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- Nasopharyngeal carriage rate, antimicrobial susceptibility pattern, and associated risk factors of Streptococcus pneumoniae among children in Ethiopia: a systematic review and meta-analysis.BMC infectious diseases · 2024Pooled it
- Examining the immunological responses to COVID-19 vaccination in multiple myeloma patients: a systematic review and meta-analysis.BMC geriatrics · 2024Pooled it
- Analysing pneumococcal invasiveness using Bayesian models of pathogen progression rates.PLoS computational biology · 2022Pooled it
- Immunogenicity and safety of a multi-human dose formulation of Biological E's 14-valent pneumococcal polysaccharide conjugate vaccine (PNEUBEVAX 14Frontiers in immunology · 2025Trial
- Immunogenicity and safety of a 13-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine administered in a prime-boost regimen among Chinese infants: a randomized, double blind phase III clinical trial.Human vaccines & immunotherapeutics · 2022Trial
- Pivotal Phase 3 Randomized Clinical Trial of the Safety, Tolerability, and Immunogenicity of 20-Valent Pneumococcal Conjugate Vaccine in Adults Aged ≥18 Years.Clinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America · 2022Trial
- A randomized phase 1 study of the safety and immunogenicity of 2 novel pneumococcal conjugate vaccines in healthy Japanese adults in the United States.Human vaccines & immunotherapeutics · 2021Trial
- A synopsis of competence-regulated virulence inVirulence · 2026Review
- An overview of the clinical development of the 20-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine in adults.Human vaccines & immunotherapeutics · 2026Review
- Pneumococcal vaccine serotype-specific antibody levels among PCV-unvaccinated children in Karnataka, India.Medical microbiology and immunology · 2026Article
- Antibacterial and Antibiofilm Activity ofJournal of fungi (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- A MultinuclearACS omega · 2026Article
- Alternative quadruplex real-time PCR reactions for detection and discrimination ofMicrobiology spectrum · 2026Article
- Half a century of pneumococcal vaccination in sickle cell disease: Are we winning the battle or losing immunity?Vaccine · 2026Review
- Yinhuapinggan granules regulate PI3K/AKT and RAS/MAPK pathways to inhibit Streptococcus Pneumoniae-induced inflammatory responses.Archives of microbiology · 2026Article
- Asthma during pregnancy: how obstetricians regard asthmatic patients' treatment.BMC pregnancy and childbirth · 2026Article
- Insights into the heterogeneity of pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccine immunogenicity in older adults.Immunity & ageing : I & A · 2026Article
- Genomic surveillance of post-immunization pneumococcal carriage in Ghana.Microbial genomics · 2026Article
- Review
- Post-Vaccination Surveillance of Invasive Pneumococcal Disease in Ghana.Diseases (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
317 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
- Erratum issued
Authors and funding
8 authors.
Funding
Abstract
Streptococcus pneumoniae (the pneumococcus) is an important human pathogen. Its virulence is largely due to its polysaccharide capsule, which shields it from the host immune system, and because of this, the capsule has been extensively studied. Studies of the capsule led to the identification of DNA as the genetic material, identification of many different capsular serotypes, and identification of the serotype-specific nature of protection by adaptive immunity. Recent studies have led to the determination of capsular polysaccharide structures for many serotypes using advanced analytical technologies, complete elucidation of genetic basis for the capsular types, and the development of highly effective pneumococcal conjugate vaccines. Conjugate vaccine use has altered the serotype distribution by either serotype replacement or switching, and this has increased the need to serotype pneumococci. Due to great advances in molecular technologies and our understanding of the pneumococcal genome, molecular approaches have become powerful tools to predict pneumococcal serotypes. In addition, more-precise and -efficient serotyping methods that directly detect polysaccharide structures are emerging. These improvements in our capabilities will greatly enhance future investigations of pneumococcal epidemiology and diseases and the biology of colonization and innate immunity to pneumococcal capsules.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.