ReviewClinical microbiology reviews2015
Diversity and Evolution in the Genome of Clostridium difficile.
Review in Clinical microbiology reviews, 2015. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 177 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
177 citing papers in PubMed, 287 citations in OpenAlex.
- The emergence and biological characteristics of linezolid-resistantEmerging microbes & infections · 2026Article
- From colonization to infection: Genomic evolution of Clostridioides difficile pathogenesis.Cell reports · 2026Review
- Whole-Genome Sequencing Analysis of ST1, ST11, ST17, and ST37Microorganisms · 2026Article
- Wastewater reuse for production of plant-based foods: does spore-formingApplied and environmental microbiology · 2026Review
- Phylogenomic analysis of the collagen-like BclA proteins inApplied and environmental microbiology · 2026Article
- Colonization Dynamics ofVeterinary sciences · 2026Article
- Whole-genome characteristics of isolates from recurrentMicrobiology spectrum · 2026Article
- Isolation of Clostridioides difficile from the atmospheric fine particulate matter.BMC microbiology · 2026Article
- Comparative genomic analysis ofMicrobial genomics · 2026Article
- Mechanistic Insights Into the Inhibition ofScientifica · 2026Article
- Comparative genomic analysis of Clostridioides difficile strains in Mexico: insights into virulence and resistance.Access microbiology · 2026Article
- Molecular epidemiology and antimicrobial resistance profiles ofFrontiers in microbiology · 2026Article
- Antimicrobial Resistance ofAntibiotics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Disulphide bond-forming enzymes in clostridial species.Microbiology (Reading, England) · 2025Article
- Phenotypic analysis of variousApplied and environmental microbiology · 2025Article
- Mobilome of Environmental Isolates ofAntibiotics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Use of PCR cycle threshold values for toxins A and B quantification in Clostridioides difficile infections.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Unique growth and morphology properties of Clade 5bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2025Article
- Community-AcquiredInternational journal of molecular sciences · 2025Review
- Unique growth and morphology properties of Clade 5 Clostridioides difficile strains revealed by single-cell time-lapse microscopy.PLoS pathogens · 2025Article
117 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
5 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Clostridium difficile infection (CDI) is the leading cause of antimicrobial and health care-associated diarrhea in humans, presenting a significant burden to global health care systems. In the last 2 decades, PCR- and sequence-based techniques, particularly whole-genome sequencing (WGS), have significantly furthered our knowledge of the genetic diversity, evolution, epidemiology, and pathogenicity of this once enigmatic pathogen. C. difficile is taxonomically distinct from many other well-known clostridia, with a diverse population structure comprising hundreds of strain types spread across at least 6 phylogenetic clades. The C. difficile species is defined by a large diverse pangenome with extreme levels of evolutionary plasticity that has been shaped over long time periods by gene flux and recombination, often between divergent lineages. These evolutionary events are in response to environmental and anthropogenic activities and have led to the rapid emergence and worldwide dissemination of virulent clonal lineages. Moreover, genome analysis of large clinically relevant data sets has improved our understanding of CDI outbreaks, transmission, and recurrence. The epidemiology of CDI has changed dramatically over the last 15 years, and CDI may have a foodborne or zoonotic etiology. The WGS era promises to continue to redefine our view of this significant pathogen.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.