ArticleJournal of the National Cancer Institute2015
Important Role of Menarche in Development of Estrogen Receptor-Negative Breast Cancer in African American Women.
Article in Journal of the National Cancer Institute, 2015. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 46 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
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Who cites it
46 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 69 citations in OpenAlex.
- Early menarche and breast cancer risk: a systematic review and meta-analysis of 74 case-control studies.Cancer causes & control : CCC · 2026Pooled it
- The unique risk factor profile of triple-negative breast cancer: a comprehensive meta-analysis.Journal of the National Cancer Institute · 2024Pooled it
- Nutritional Formulation for Patients with Angelman Syndrome: A Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Study of Exogenous Ketones.The Journal of nutrition · 2021Trial
- Breast cancer subtype of French women is not influenced by socioeconomic status: A population-based-study.PloS one · 2017Trial
- Association between cumulative lifetime exposure to reproductive hormones and tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes, CD4 +, and CD8 + T cells among women with breast cancer.Cancer immunology, immunotherapy : CII · 2026Article
- Natural menopause, menarche and breast cancer risk in BRCA1 and BRCA2 pathogenic variant carriers: a Mendelian randomization analysis.British journal of cancer · 2026Article
- Associations of lifetime cumulative estrogen exposure with lifecourse social exposures, cognitive decline, and dementia risk among postmenopausal White, Black, and Latina women.The journals of gerontology. Series B, Psychological sciences and social sciences · 2026Article
- Manganese-induced Precocious Puberty Alters Mammary Epithelial Cell Proliferation in Female Rats.Endocrinology · 2025Article
- Reproductive characteristics, menopausal status, race and ethnicity, and risk of breast cancer subtypes defined by ER, PR and HER2 status: the Breast Cancer Etiology in Minorities study.Breast cancer research : BCR · 2024Article
- The prognostic significance of human ovarian aging-related signature in breast cancer after surgery: A multicohort study.Frontiers in immunology · 2023Article
- Annual report to the nation on the status of cancer, part 1: National cancer statistics.Cancer · 2022Article
- Gestational diabetes and risk of breast cancer before age 55 years.International journal of epidemiology · 2022Article
- Racial and regional disparities of triple negative breast cancer incidence rates in the United States: An analysis of 2011-2019 NPCR and SEER incidence data.Frontiers in public health · 2022Article
- Dietary Vitamin A and Breast Cancer Risk in Black Women: The African American Breast Cancer Epidemiology and Risk (AMBER) Consortium.The Journal of nutrition · 2021Article
- Breast cancer risk factors in relation to molecular subtypes in breast cancer patients from Kenya.Breast cancer research : BCR · 2021Article
- Reproductive factors and risk of breast cancer in black South African women.Cancer causes & control : CCC · 2021Article
- Epidemiology of Basal-like and Luminal Breast Cancers among Black Women in the AMBER Consortium.Cancer epidemiology, biomarkers & prevention : a publication of the American Association for Cancer Research, cosponsored by the American Society of Preventive Oncology · 2021Article
- Relationships between Breast Feeding and Breast Cancer Subtypes: Lessons Learned from Studies in Humans and in Mice.Cancer research · 2020Review
- Menstrual and reproductive characteristics and breast cancer risk by hormone receptor status and ethnicity: The Breast Cancer Etiology in Minorities study.International journal of cancer · 2020Article
- Reproductive factors and risk of breast cancer by tumor subtypes among Ghanaian women: A population-based case-control study.International journal of cancer · 2020Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
15 authors at 7 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundMenarche is a critical time point for diverging fates of mammary cells of origin. African American women have young age at menarche, which could be associated with their high rates of estrogen receptor-negative (ER-) breast cancer.
methodsIn the AMBER Consortium, using harmonized data from 4426 African American women with breast cancer and 17 474 controls, we used polytomous logistic regression to estimate odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for ages at menarche and first live birth (FLB), and the interval between, in relation to ER+ and ER- breast cancer. All statistical tests were two-sided.
resultsRisk of ER- breast cancer was reduced with later age at menarche among both parous and nulliparous women (≥15 vs <11 years OR = 0.62, 95% CI = 0.48 to 0.81 and OR = 0.56, 95% CI = 0.29 to 1.10, respectively), with no effect of age at FLB. For ER+ breast cancer, the inverse association was weaker among nulliparous women. While longer intervals between menarche and FLB were associated with increased risk of ER+ breast cancer in a dose-response fashion (OR for 20 year interval = 1.39, 95% CI = 1.08 to 1.79, P trend = .003), ER- risk was only increased for intervals up to 14 years and not beyond (P trend = .33).
conclusionsWhile ER- breast cancer risk was markedly reduced in women with a late age at menarche, there was not a clear pattern of increased risk with longer interval between menarche and FLB, as was observed for ER+ breast cancer. These findings indicate that etiologic pathways involving adolescence and pregnancy may differ for ER- and ER+ breast cancer.
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