ArticleJournal of cancer research and clinical oncology2016
Drastic morphological and molecular differences between lymph node micrometastatic tumors and macrometastatic tumors of lung adenocarcinoma.
Article in Journal of cancer research and clinical oncology, 2016. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 8 papers.
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Who cites it
8 citing papers in PubMed, 11 citations in OpenAlex.
- Tumor draining lymph nodes in non-small cell lung cancer:Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- The diagnostic value of two-dimensional shear-wave elastography in identifying malignant lesions in lymph nodes: a prospective study.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Article
- 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose uptake in PET is associated with the tumor microenvironment in metastatic lymph nodes and prognosis in N2 lung adenocarcinoma.Cancer science · 2022Article
- Article
- Clinical significance of epithelial-mesenchymal transition-related markers expression in the micrometastatic sentinel lymph node of NSCLC.Clinical & translational oncology : official publication of the Federation of Spanish Oncology Societies and of the National Cancer Institute of Mexico · 2020Article
- Changes in the tumor microenvironment during lymphatic metastasis of lung squamous cell carcinoma.Cancer science · 2017Article
- Clinical value of nodal micrometastases in patients with non-small cell lung cancer: time for reconsideration?Journal of thoracic disease · 2016Article
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Authors and funding
11 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
purposeThe expansion of micrometastatic tumors to macrometastatic ones is thought to be tightly regulated by several microenvironmental factors. The aim of this study was to elucidate the morphological and phenotypical differences between micrometastatic and macrometastatic tumors.
methodWe first examined the morphological characteristics of 66 lymph node (LN) micrometastatic tumors (less than 2 mm in size) and 51 macrometastatic tumors (more than 10 mm in size) in 42 lung adenocarcinoma cases. Then, we evaluated the expression level of E-cadherin, S100A4, ALDH1, and Geminin in cancer cells and the number of smooth muscle actin (SMA), CD34, and CD204 (+) stromal cells in the primary tumors, matched micrometastatic tumors, and macrometastatic tumors (n = 34, each).
resultsTumor budding reflects the process of EMT, and stromal reactions were observed more frequently in macrometastatic tumors (P < 0.001). E-cadherin staining score for the micrometastatic tumors was significantly higher than that for the primary tumors (P < 0.001). In contrast, the E-cadherin staining score for the macrometastatic tumors was significantly lower than that for the micrometastatic tumors (P = 0.017). As for the stromal cells, the numbers of SMA (+) fibroblasts, CD34 (+) microvessels, and CD204 (+) macrophages were significantly higher for the macrometastatic tumors and primary tumors than for the micrometastatic tumors (P < 0.001, all).
conclusionThe present study clearly showed that dynamic microenvironmental changes (e.g., EMT-related changes in cancer cells and structural changes in stromal cells) occur during the growth of micrometastases into macrometastases.
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