ReviewRetrovirology2015
Chloroquine and beyond: exploring anti-rheumatic drugs to reduce immune hyperactivation in HIV/AIDS.
Review in Retrovirology, 2015. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 39 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
39 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 66 citations in OpenAlex.
- Discordant Immune Response with Antiretroviral Therapy in HIV-1: A Systematic Review of Clinical Outcomes.PloS one · 2016Pooled it
- Hydroxychloroquine and mortality in COVID-19 patients: a systematic review and a meta-analysis of observational studies and randomized controlled trials.Pathogens and global healthPooled it
- Immunosuppression by hydroxychloroquine: mechanistic proof in in vitro experiments but limited systemic activity in a randomized placebo-controlled clinical pharmacology study.Immunologic research · 2023Trial
- [Chloroquine phosphate: therapeutic drug for COVID-19].Nan fang yi ke da xue xue bao = Journal of Southern Medical University · 2020Trial
- The Effect of Chloroquine on Immune Activation and Interferon Signatures Associated with HIV-1.AIDS research and human retroviruses · 2016Trial
- Searching for New Gold(I)-Based Complexes as Anticancer and/or Antiviral Agents.Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Review
- Review
- Designing a molecularly imprinted polymer-based electrochemical sensor for the sensitive and selective detection of the antimalarial chloroquine phosphate.Mikrochimica acta · 2024Article
- Simultaneous LC-MS/MS method for the quantitation of Azithromycin, Hydroxychloroquine and its metabolites in SARS-CoV-2(-/ +) populations using dried blood spots.Scientific reports · 2023Article
- Broad-Spectrum Antivirals Derived from Natural Products.Viruses · 2023Review
- A Comprehensive Survey on the Expediated Anti-COVID-19 Options Enabled by Metal Complexes-Tasks and Trials.Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Review
- Antivirals and the Potential Benefits of Orally Inhaled Drug Administration in COVID-19 Treatment.Journal of pharmaceutical sciences · 2022Review
- Metal-based complexes against SARS-CoV-2.Biometals : an international journal on the role of metal ions in biology, biochemistry, and medicine · 2022Review
- Medicinal Hypervalent Tellurium Prodrugs Bearing Different Ligands: A Comparative Study of the Chemical Profiles of AS101 and Its Halido Replaced Analogues.International journal of molecular sciences · 2022Article
- Development of Metal Complexes for Treatment of Coronaviruses.International journal of molecular sciences · 2022Article
- COVID-19 rhapsody: Rage towards advanced diagnostics and therapeutic strategy.Journal of pharmaceutical analysis · 2021Review
- Screening of Chloroquine, Hydroxychloroquine and its derivatives for their binding affinity to multiple SARS-CoV-2 protein drug targets.Journal of biomolecular structure & dynamics · 2021Article
- Strategies for the Improvement of Metal-Based Chemotherapeutic Treatments.Biomedicines · 2021Review
- Chloroquine in fighting COVID-19: good, bad, or both?Autophagy · 2020Article
- Can endolysosomal deacidification and inhibition of autophagy prevent severe COVID-19?Life sciences · 2020Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
2 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
The restoration of the immune system prompted by antiretroviral therapy (ART) has allowed drastically reducing the mortality and morbidity of HIV infection. However, one main source of clinical concern is the persistence of immune hyperactivation in individuals under ART. Chronically enhanced levels of T-cell activation are associated with several deleterious effects which lead to faster disease progression and slower CD4(+) T-cell recovery during ART. In this article, we discuss the rationale, and review the results, of the use of antimalarial quinolines, such as chloroquine and its derivative hydroxychloroquine, to counteract immune activation in HIV infection. Despite the promising results of several pilot trials, the most recent clinical data indicate that antimalarial quinolines are unlikely to exert a marked beneficial effect on immune activation. Alternative approaches will likely be required to reproducibly decrease immune activation in the setting of HIV infection. If the quinoline-based strategies should nevertheless be pursued in future studies, particular care must be devoted to the dosage selection, in order to maximize the chances to obtain effective in vivo drug concentrations.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.