ArticlePloS one2015
First Demonstration of Antigen Induced Cytokine Expression by CD4-1+ Lymphocytes in a Poikilotherm: Studies in Zebrafish (Danio rerio).
Article in PloS one, 2015. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. An erratum has been issued. Cited by 30 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
30 citing papers in PubMed, 84 citations in OpenAlex.
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- Identification of a pharyngeal mucosal lymphoid organ in zebrafish and other teleosts: Tonsils in fish?Science advances · 2023Article
- Glutamine Metabolism Underlies the Functional Similarity of T Cells between Nile Tilapia and Tetrapod.Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) · 2023Article
- CD4 and LAG-3 from sharks to humans: related molecules with motifs for opposing functions.Frontiers in immunology · 2023Article
- CXCL9-11 chemokines and CXCR3 receptor in teleost fish species.Fish and shellfish immunology reports · 2022Review
- IL-2-mTORC1 signaling coordinates the STAT1/T-bet axis to ensure Th1 cell differentiation and anti-bacterial immune response in fish.PLoS pathogens · 2022Article
- Single-cell analyses reveal early thymic progenitors and pre-B cells in zebrafish.The Journal of experimental medicine · 2022Article
- Cluster of differentiation antigens: essential roles in the identification of teleost fish T lymphocytes.Marine life science & technology · 2022Review
- Review
- Sleeping With the Enemy? The Current Knowledge of Piscine Orthoreovirus (PRV) Immune Response Elicited to Counteract Infection.Frontiers in immunology · 2022Review
- Tipping the Scales With Zebrafish to Understand Adaptive Tumor Immunity.Frontiers in cell and developmental biology · 2021Review
- Review
- Integrating fish models in tuberculosis vaccine development.Disease models & mechanisms · 2020Review
- Rainbow trout mount a robust specific immune response upon anal administration of thymus-independent antigens.Developmental and comparative immunology · 2020Article
- Lymphoid Tissue in Teleost Gills: Variations on a Theme.Biology · 2020Article
- Review
- CD4: a vital player in the teleost fish immune system.Veterinary research · 2019Review
- Functional Conservation of a Developmental Switch in Mammals since the Jurassic Age.Molecular biology and evolution · 2019Article
- Interleukin 10 mutant zebrafish have an enhanced interferon gamma response and improved survival against a Mycobacterium marinum infection.Scientific reports · 2018Article
- Identification of protective postexposure mycobacterial vaccine antigens using an immunosuppression-based reactivation model in the zebrafish.Disease models & mechanisms · 2018Article
Corrections and comments
- Erratum issued
Authors and funding
10 authors at 3 institutions in 3 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Adaptive immunity in homeotherms depends greatly on CD4+ Th cells which release cytokines in response to specific antigen stimulation. Whilst bony fish and poikilothermic tetrapods possess cells that express TcR and CD4-related genes (that exist in two forms in teleost fish; termed CD4-1 and CD4-2), to date there is no unequivocal demonstration that cells equivalent to Th exist. Thus, in this study we determined whether CD4-1+ lymphocytes can express cytokines typical of Th cells following antigen specific stimulation, using the zebrafish (Danio rerio). Initially, we analyzed the CD4 locus in zebrafish and found three CD4 homologues, a CD4-1 molecule and two CD4-2 molecules. The zfCD4-1 and zfCD4-2 transcripts were detected in immune organs and were most highly expressed in lymphocytes. A polyclonal antibody to zfCD4-1 was developed and used with an antibody to ZAP70 and revealed double positive cells by immunohistochemistry, and in the Mycobacterium marinum disease model CD4-1+ cells were apparent surrounding the granulomas typical of the infection. Next a prime-boost experiment, using human gamma globulin as antigen, was performed and revealed for the first time in fish that zfCD4-1+ lymphocytes increase the expression of cytokines and master transcription factors relevant to Th1/Th2-type responses as a consequence of boosting with specific antigen.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.