Trial reportMolecular neurobiology2016
Ginsenoside Rd Is Efficacious Against Acute Ischemic Stroke by Suppressing Microglial Proteasome-Mediated Inflammation.
Trial report in Molecular neurobiology, 2016. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 48 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
48 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 84 citations in OpenAlex.
- The use ofFrontiers in pharmacology · 2024Pooled it
- Neuroprotective Effect and Possible Mechanisms of Ginsenoside-Rd for Cerebral Ischemia/Reperfusion Damage in Experimental Animal: A Meta-Analysis and Systematic Review.Oxidative medicine and cellular longevity · 2022Pooled it
- Review
- Lipid metabolism, microglia, and stroke.Neural regeneration research · 2026Article
- "The emerging role of lymphocytes in post-stroke inflammation: A treatable target and review of current pharmacological evidence in humans".Brain, behavior, & immunity - health · 2026Review
- Ginsenosides in Modern Pharmaceutics: Mechanisms, Applications, Challenges, and Perspectives.Biomolecules · 2026Review
- Paeoniflorin prevents acute graft-versus-host disease while preserving graft-versus-tumor effects.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Article
- Targeting glial cells: Unveiling the neuroprotective mechanisms of Ginseng in the brain microenvironment.Acta pharmaceutica Sinica. B · 2026Review
- The role of ginseng and ginsenosides in ROS and cardiovascular disease.Journal of ginseng research · 2026Review
- Therapeutic effects of ginseng and its major components on ischaemic stroke in vitro and in silico.BMC complementary medicine and therapies · 2025Article
- Role of mitochondrial metabolism in ischemic stroke and natural products intervention.Molecular biology reports · 2025Review
- Targeting microglia polarization with Chinese herb-derived natural compounds for neuroprotection in ischemic stroke.Frontiers in cell and developmental biology · 2025Review
- Research progress on the role of ginsenoside Rd in central nervous system diseases.African health sciences · 2024Review
- Treatment with onion bulb extract both prevents and reverses allergic inflammation in a murine model of asthma.Pharmaceutical biology · 2024Article
- Exploring Chinese herbal medicine for ischemic stroke: insights into microglia and signaling pathways.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2024Review
- A Cocktail of Natural Compounds Holds Promise for New Immunotherapeutic Potential in Head and Neck Cancer.Chinese journal of integrative medicine · 2024Article
- Microglia in Ischemic Stroke: Pathogenesis Insights and Therapeutic Challenges.Journal of inflammation research · 2024Review
- Ginsenoside compound K reduces ischemia/reperfusion-induced neuronal apoptosis by inhibiting PTP1B-mediated IRS1 tyrosine dephosphorylation.Journal of ginseng research · 2023Article
- Regulation of microglia polarization after cerebral ischemia.Frontiers in cellular neuroscience · 2023Review
- NDRG2 regulates the formation of reactive astrocyte-derived progenitor cellsFrontiers in molecular neuroscience · 2023Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
9 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
A great deal of attention has been paid to neuroprotective therapies for cerebral ischemic stroke. Our two recent clinical trials showed that ginsenoside Rd (Rd), a kind of monomeric compound extracted from Chinese herbs, Panax ginseng and Panax notoginseng, was safe and efficacious for the treatment of ischemic stroke. In this study, we conducted a pooled analysis of the data from 199 patients with acute ischemic stroke in the first trial and 390 in the second to reanalyze the efficacy and safety of Rd. Moreover, animal stroke models were carried out to explore the possible molecular mechanisms underlying Rd neuroprotection. The pooled analysis showed that compared with placebo group, Rd could improve patients' disability as assessed by modified Rankin Scale (mRS) score on day 90 post-stroke and reduce neurologic deficits on day 15 or day 90 post-stroke as assessed by NIH Stroke Scale (NIHSS) and Barthel Index (BI) scores. For neuroprotective mechanisms, administration of Rd 4 h after stroke could inhibit ischemia-induced microglial activation, decrease the expression levels of various proinflammatory cytokines, and suppress nuclear factor of kappa light polypeptide gene enhancer in B cells inhibitor, alpha (IκBα) phosphorylation and nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells (NF-κB) nuclear translocation. An in vitro proteasome activity assay revealed a significant inhibitory effect of Rd on proteasome activity in microglia. Interestingly, Rd was showed to have less side effects than glucocorticoid. Therefore, our study demonstrated that Rd could safely improve the outcome of patients with ischemic stroke, and this therapeutic effect may result from its capability of suppressing microglial proteasome activity and sequential inflammation.
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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.