ArticleProceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America2015
High-dose vitamin D3 reduces deficiency caused by low UVB exposure and limits HIV-1 replication in urban Southern Africans.
Article in Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 2015. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 35 papers, 4 of them syntheses that pooled it.
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Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
35 citing papers in PubMed, 4 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 65 citations in OpenAlex.
- The health outcomes of vitamin D supplementation in Africa: a systematic review and meta-analysis.BMC nutrition · 2025Pooled it
- Increased Risk of Vitamin D Deficiency Among HIV-Infected Individuals: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.Frontiers in nutrition · 2021Pooled it
- Vitamin D status and risk of incident tuberculosis disease: A nested case-control study, systematic review, and individual-participant data meta-analysis.PLoS medicine · 2019Pooled it
- Pooled it
- Vitamin D3 supplementation during pregnancy and lactation for women living with HIV in Tanzania: A randomized controlled trial.PLoS medicine · 2022Trial
- Efficacy of vitamin DThe lancet. HIV · 2020Trial
- Trial
- Vitamin D Decreases Susceptibility of CD4Biomolecules · 2025Article
- The necessity of gestational vitamin D supplementation depends on ambient temperature: concern for infant vitamin D status.Frontiers in nutrition · 2025Article
- Zika virus infection suppresses CYP24A1 and CAMP expression in human monocytes.Archives of virology · 2024Article
- Host-directed therapy against tuberculosis: Concept and recent developments.Journal of biosciences · 2023Review
- Article
- Vitamin D status and COVID-19 severity.Southern African journal of infectious diseases · 2022Article
- Vitamin d and leishmaniasis: Neither seasonal nor risk factor in canine host but potential adjuvant treatment through cbd103 expression.PLoS neglected tropical diseases · 2021Article
- Vitamin D and lumisterol novel metabolites can inhibit SARS-CoV-2 replication machinery enzymes.American journal of physiology. Endocrinology and metabolism · 2021Article
- The evolution of human skin pigmentation involved the interactions of genetic, environmental, and cultural variables.Pigment cell & melanoma research · 2021Review
- Physical Determinants of Vitamin D Photosynthesis: A Review.JBMR plus · 2021Article
- Vitamin D Status Impacts Genital Mucosal Immunity and Markers of HIV-1 Susceptibility in Women.Nutrients · 2020Article
- Can climatic factors explain the differences in COVID-19 incidence and severity across the Spanish regions?: An ecological study.Environmental health : a global access science source · 2020Article
- Controversial Effects of Vitamin D and Related Genes on Viral Infections, Pathogenesis, and Treatment Outcomes.Nutrients · 2020Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
6 authors at 3 institutions in 3 countries.
Funding
Abstract
Cape Town, South Africa, has a seasonal pattern of UVB radiation and a predominantly dark-skinned urban population who suffer high HIV-1 prevalence. This coexistent environmental and phenotypic scenario puts residents at risk for vitamin D deficiency, which may potentiate HIV-1 disease progression. We conducted a longitudinal study in two ethnically distinct groups of healthy young adults in Cape Town, supplemented with vitamin D3 in winter, to determine whether vitamin D status modifies the response to HIV-1 infection and to identify the major determinants of vitamin D status (UVB exposure, diet, pigmentation, and genetics). Vitamin D deficiency was observed in the majority of subjects in winter and in a proportion of individuals in summer, was highly correlated with UVB exposure, and was associated with greater HIV-1 replication in peripheral blood cells. High-dosage oral vitamin D3 supplementation attenuated HIV-1 replication, increased circulating leukocytes, and reversed winter-associated anemia. Vitamin D3 therefore presents as a low-cost supplementation to improve HIV-associated immunity.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.