ArticleThe Journal of biological chemistry2015
Identification of Poly-N-acetylglucosamine as a Major Polysaccharide Component of the Bacillus subtilis Biofilm Matrix.
Article in The Journal of biological chemistry, 2015. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 58 papers.
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58 citing papers in PubMed, 114 citations in OpenAlex.
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- M.marinum lacking epsH shows increased biofilm formation in vitro and boosted antibiotic tolerance in zebrafish.NPJ biofilms and microbiomes · 2025Article
- Extracellular DNA filaments associated with surface polysaccharide II give Clostridioides difficile biofilm matrix a network-like structure.NPJ biofilms and microbiomes · 2025Article
- Expansion of the diversity of dispersin scaffolds.Acta crystallographica. Section D, Structural biology · 2025Article
- Bacillus subtilis EpsA-O: A novel exopolysaccharide structure acting as an efficient adhesive in biofilms.NPJ biofilms and microbiomes · 2024Article
- Review
- In Silico Safety Assessment ofInternational journal of molecular sciences · 2024Article
- The alternative sigma factor SigN ofJournal of bacteriology · 2023Article
- Strategy to combat biofilms: a focus on biofilm dispersal enzymes.NPJ biofilms and microbiomes · 2023Review
- A genetic system for Akkermansia muciniphila reveals a role for mucin foraging in gut colonization and host sterol biosynthesis gene expression.Nature microbiology · 2023Article
- Biology and Regulation of Staphylococcal Biofilm.International journal of molecular sciences · 2023Review
- Defining Early Steps inbioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2023Article
- Polysaccharides' Structures and Functions in Biofilm Architecture of Antimicrobial-Resistant (AMR) Pathogens.International journal of molecular sciences · 2023Review
- The coordinated population redistribution betweenBiofilm · 2022Article
- Systematic microscopical analysis reveals obligate synergy between extracellular matrix components duringBiofilm · 2022Article
- Article
- Review
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Authors and funding
10 authors at 4 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
Bacillus subtilis is intensively studied as a model organism for the development of bacterial biofilms or pellicles. A key component is currently undefined exopolysaccharides produced from proteins encoded by genes within the eps locus. Within this locus are four genes, epsHIJK, known to be essential for pellicle formation. We show they encode proteins synthesizing the broadly expressed microbial carbohydrate poly-N-acetylglucosamine (PNAG). PNAG was present in both pellicle and planktonic wild-type B. subtilis cells and in strains with deletions in the epsA-G and -L-O genes but not in strains deleted for epsH-K. Cloning of the B. subtilis epsH-K genes into Escherichia coli with in-frame deletions in the PNAG biosynthetic genes pgaA-D, respectively, restored PNAG production in E. coli. Cloning the entire B. subtilis epsHIJK locus into pga-deleted E. coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, or alginate-negative Pseudomonas aeruginosa restored or conferred PNAG production. Bioinformatic and structural predictions of the EpsHIJK proteins suggest EpsH and EpsJ are glycosyltransferases (GT) with a GT-A fold; EpsI is a GT with a GT-B fold, and EpsK is an α-helical membrane transporter. B. subtilis, E. coli, and pga-deleted E. coli carrying the epsHIJK genes on a plasmid were all susceptible to opsonic killing by antibodies to PNAG. The immunochemical and genetic data identify the genes and proteins used by B. subtilis to produce PNAG as a significant carbohydrate factor essential for pellicle formation.
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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.