Observational studyBMJ open2015
Cadmium exposure and incidence of heart failure and atrial fibrillation: a population-based prospective cohort study.
Observational study in BMJ open, 2015. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 30 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
30 citing papers in PubMed, 64 citations in OpenAlex.
- The environmental exposome in heart failure risk and progression.Nature reviews. Cardiology · 2026Review
- Micro- and Nanoplastics as Potential Drivers of Dilated Cardiomyopathy.Life (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
- Influence of e-cigarettes and their constituents on cardiac rhythm and arrhythmias.American journal of physiology. Heart and circulatory physiology · 2026Review
- Cadmium and selenium blood levels in association with congestive heart failure in diabetic and prediabetic patients: a cross-sectional study from the national health and nutrition examination survey.Diabetology & metabolic syndrome · 2025Article
- Joint Effects of Lifestyle Habits and Heavy Metals Exposure on Chronic Stress Among U.S. Adults: Insights from NHANES 2017-2018.Journal of xenobiotics · 2025Article
- The association between blood metals and cardiovascular diseases: findings from National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2011-2020.Frontiers in cardiovascular medicine · 2024Article
- Review
- Non-Uniform Bioaccumulation of Lead and Arsenic in Two Remote Regions of the Human Heart's Left Ventricle: A Post-Mortem Study.Biomolecules · 2023Article
- Disturbed Ratios between Essential and Toxic Trace Elements as Potential Biomarkers of Acute Ischemic Stroke.Nutrients · 2023Article
- Article
- Impact of Air Pollution and COVID-19 Infection on Periprocedural Death in Patients with Acute Coronary Syndrome.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2022Article
- Urinary Cadmium and Incident Heart Failure: A Case-Cohort Analysis Among Never-Smokers in Denmark.Epidemiology (Cambridge, Mass.) · 2022Article
- The preferential accumulation of cadmium ions among various tissues in mice.Toxicology reports · 2022Article
- Key Characteristics of Cardiovascular Toxicants.Environmental health perspectives · 2021Article
- Hair Lead, Aluminum, and Other Toxic Metals in Normal-Weight and Obese Patients with Coronary Heart Disease.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2021Article
- Cardioinotropic Effects in Subchronic Intoxication of Rats with Lead and/or Cadmium Oxide Nanoparticles.International journal of molecular sciences · 2021Article
- Nutraceutical, Dietary, and Lifestyle Options for Prevention and Treatment of Ventricular Hypertrophy and Heart Failure.International journal of molecular sciences · 2021Review
- Association of Blood Cadmium with Cardiovascular Disease in Korea: From the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2008-2013 and 2016.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2020Article
- Zinc protects against cadmium-induced toxicity in neonatal murine engineered cardiac tissues via metallothionein-dependent and independent mechanisms.Acta pharmacologica Sinica · 2020Article
- Changes in rat myocardium contractility under subchronic intoxication with lead and cadmium salts administered alone or in combination.Toxicology reports · 2020Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
6 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
objectivesCadmium is a non-essential toxic metal with multiple adverse health effects. Cadmium has been shown to be associated with cardiovascular diseases, but few studies have investigated heart failure (HF) and none of them reported atrial fibrillation (AF). We examined whether cadmium exposure is associated with incidence of HF or AF.
designA prospective, observational cohort study with a 17-year follow-up.
settingThe city of Malmö, Sweden.
participantsBlood cadmium levels were measured in 4378 participants without a history of HF or AF (aged 46-67 years, 60% women), who participated in the Malmö Diet and Cancer (MDC) study during 1992-1994. PRIMARY AND SECONDARY OUTCOME MEASURES: Incidence of HF and AF were identified from the Swedish hospital discharge register.
results143 participants (53% men) were diagnosed with new-onset HF and 385 individuals (52% men) were diagnosed with new-onset AF during follow-up for 17 years. Blood cadmium in the sex-specific 4th quartile of the distribution was significantly associated with incidence of HF. The (HR, 4th vs 1st quartile) was 2.64 (95% CI 1.60 to 4.36), adjusted for age, and 1.95 (1.02 to 3.71) after adjustment also for conventional risk factors and biomarkers. The blood cadmium level was not significantly associated with risk of incident AF.
conclusionsBlood cadmium levels in the 4th quartile were associated with increased incidence of HF in this cohort with comparatively low exposure to cadmium. Incidence of AF was not associated with cadmium.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.