ArticleThe Journal of experimental medicine2015
A dural lymphatic vascular system that drains brain interstitial fluid and macromolecules.
Article in The Journal of experimental medicine, 2015. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to 6 registered trials, which are not on this map. Cited by 1,265 papers, 4 of them syntheses that pooled it.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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The Role of the Glymphatic System Avaluated Thourgh mr Imaging in the Diagnosis and Management of NPH
Bilateral Cervical Deep Lymphatic Trunk Decompression Combined With Mid-Cervical Deep Lymph Node-External Jugular Vein Anastomosis for the Treatment of Alzheimer's Disease: A Randomized Controlled Clinical Trial
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Who cites it
1,265 citing papers in PubMed, 4 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 2,098 citations in OpenAlex.
- Chimeric Antigen Receptor-T Cell Therapy for Pediatric and Young Adult Primary Central Nervous System Tumors: A Systematic Review of Early Phase Clinical Trials with a Focus on Diffuse Midline Glioma.Targeted oncology · 2026Pooled it
- The emerging role of the meningeal lymphatic and glymphatic systems in migraine pathophysiology: a systematic review.The journal of headache and pain · 2026Pooled it
- Brain lymphatic drainage pathways, deep cervical lymphatic surgery, and current insights: A systematic review.The journal of prevention of Alzheimer's disease · 2026Pooled it
- Therapeutic Modulation of Meningeal Lymphatics: A Systematic Review of Preclinical Evidence Across Neurological Disorders.Cellular and molecular neurobiology · 2025Pooled it
- Tissue-specific inflammatory responses to systemic LPS in mice with LysM-lineage Hmgb1 deletion.Brain, behavior, & immunity - health · 2026Article
- Brain barriers at the crossroads of glioma immune surveillance and immunotherapy response.Nature reviews. Cancer · 2026Review
- How brain pulsations drive solute transport in the cranial subarachnoid space: insights from a toy model.Journal of the Royal Society, Interface · 2026Article
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- The Glymphatic System in Neurological Diseases: Mechanisms, Imaging Surrogates, and Translational Uncertainties.Current neurology and neuroscience reports · 2026Review
- Border-Associated Macrophage Migrasomes in Alzheimer's Disease: An Emerging Aβ-Senescence-Microglia Axis?Cells · 2026Review
- Priming of CD8Nature neuroscience · 2026Article
- Novel Therapeutic Insights Into Alzheimer's Disease: Glymphatic System and Meningeal Lymphatic Vessels.Aging cell · 2026Review
- Cerebral venous blood flow regulates intracerebral pressure and brain clearance via meningeal lymphatic vessels.Nature neuroscience · 2026Article
- Central nervous system lymphatic network: from the maintenance of brain homeostasis to emerging therapeutic perspectives in neurodegenerative diseases.Translational neurodegeneration · 2026Review
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- Sleep Disorders in Neurodegenerative Diseases: Pathological Correlations and Underlying Mechanisms.Neuroscience bulletin · 2026Review
- Beyond FLAIR: PRISM (polarity-preserving real inversion solute mapping)-a new Frontier in real inversion recovery MRI for intracranial and sensory organ fluid assessment.Japanese journal of radiology · 2026Review
1,205 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
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Authors and funding
8 authors at 4 institutions in 3 countries.
Funding
Abstract
The central nervous system (CNS) is considered an organ devoid of lymphatic vasculature. Yet, part of the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) drains into the cervical lymph nodes (LNs). The mechanism of CSF entry into the LNs has been unclear. Here we report the surprising finding of a lymphatic vessel network in the dura mater of the mouse brain. We show that dural lymphatic vessels absorb CSF from the adjacent subarachnoid space and brain interstitial fluid (ISF) via the glymphatic system. Dural lymphatic vessels transport fluid into deep cervical LNs (dcLNs) via foramina at the base of the skull. In a transgenic mouse model expressing a VEGF-C/D trap and displaying complete aplasia of the dural lymphatic vessels, macromolecule clearance from the brain was attenuated and transport from the subarachnoid space into dcLNs was abrogated. Surprisingly, brain ISF pressure and water content were unaffected. Overall, these findings indicate that the mechanism of CSF flow into the dcLNs is directly via an adjacent dural lymphatic network, which may be important for the clearance of macromolecules from the brain. Importantly, these results call for a reexamination of the role of the lymphatic system in CNS physiology and disease.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.