Evidence map›Paper›PMID 26076950›Full record

ReviewNature reviews. Cardiology2015

Contributions of risk factors and medical care to cardiovascular mortality trends.

Majid Ezzati, Ziad Obermeyer, Ioanna Tzoulaki, Bongani M Mayosi, Paul Elliott, David A Leon

Open access · greenAbstract readReview
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Review in Nature reviews. Cardiology, 2015. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 157 papers, 9 of them syntheses that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
157citing papers in PubMed, 9 pooled it
17.8field-weighted citation impact, top 1% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

157 citing papers in PubMed, 9 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 327 citations in OpenAlex.

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  8. Patient beliefs and attitudes to taking statins: systematic review of qualitative studies.The British journal of general practice : the journal of the Royal College of General Practitioners · 2018
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97 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

6 authors at 4 institutions in 3 countries.

Majid EzzatiMRC-PHE Centre for Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, Norfolk Place, London W2 1PG, UK.
Ziad ObermeyerDepartment of Emergency Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Neville House, 75 Francis Street, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
Ioanna TzoulakiMRC-PHE Centre for Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, Norfolk Place, London W2 1PG, UK.
Bongani M MayosiDepartment of Medicine, Groote Schuur Hospital and University of Cape Town, J Floor Old Main Building, Observatory, Cape Town 7925, South Africa.
Paul ElliottMRC-PHE Centre for Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, Norfolk Place, London W2 1PG, UK.
David A LeonDepartment of Non-Communicable Disease Epidemiology, Faculty of Epidemiology and Population Sciences, London School of Hygiene &Tropical Medicine, Keppel Street, London WC1E 7HT, UK.
Public Health England · GBGroote Schuur Hospital · ZAHarvard University · USUniversity of London · GB

Funding

Unexpected death after medical encounters: Measurement, reporting, and analysisDP5OD012161 · OD · BRIGHAM AND WOMEN'S HOSPITAL · PI OBERMEYER, ZIAD · 2012 to 2016
$1.6M
Medical Research Council MR/L01341X/1NIH HHS DP5 OD012161Wellcome Trust 100693
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Ischaemic heart disease, stroke, and other cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) lead to 17.5 million deaths worldwide per year. Taking into account population ageing, CVD death rates are decreasing steadily both in regions with reliable trend data and globally. The declines in high-income countries and some Latin American countries have been ongoing for decades without slowing. These positive trends have broadly coincided with, and benefited from, declines in smoking and physiological risk factors, such as blood pressure and serum cholesterol levels. These declines have also coincided with, and benefited from, improvements in medical care, including primary prevention, diagnosis, and treatment of acute CVDs, as well as post-hospital care, especially in the past 40 years. These variables, however, explain neither why the decline began when it did, nor the similarities and differences in the start time and rate of the decline between countries and sexes. In Russia and some other former Soviet countries, changes in volume and patterns of alcohol consumption have caused sharp rises in CVD mortality since the early 1990s. An important challenge in reaching firm conclusions about the drivers of these remarkable international trends is the paucity of time-trend data on CVD incidence, risk factors throughout the life-course, and clinical care.

Indexed as

Global HealthCardiovascular DiseasesHumansMortalityQuality ImprovementRisk Factors

Identifiers

PMID26076950
PMCPMC4945698
OpenAlexW2127689336

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceTDM
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.