ArticleInternational journal of molecular sciences2015
Atrazine Causes Autophagy- and Apoptosis-Related Neurodegenerative Effects in Dopaminergic Neurons in the Rat Nigrostriatal Dopaminergic System.
Article in International journal of molecular sciences, 2015. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 10 papers.
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Who cites it
10 citing papers in PubMed, 49 citations in OpenAlex.
- Behavioural and physiological impacts of varying doses of methotrexate on Drosophila melanogaster.Naunyn-Schmiedeberg's archives of pharmacology · 2026Article
- An In Vivo and In Silico Experimental Approach on Rats' Neurobehaviour upon Treatment with Atrazine and Manganese.Molecular neurobiology · 2025Article
- Exploring the potential mechanism of atrazine-induced dopaminergic neurotoxicity based on integration strategy.Environmental health and preventive medicine · 2024Article
- Mitochondrial and Proteasome Dysfunction Occurs in the Hearts of Mice Treated with Triazine Herbicide Prometryn.International journal of molecular sciences · 2023Article
- Histopathological, Immunohistochemical, And Molecular Alterations In Brain Tissue And Submandibular Salivary Gland Of Atrazine-Induced Toxicity In Male Rats.Environmental science and pollution research international · 2022Article
- Review
- Atrazine Inhalation Causes Neuroinflammation, Apoptosis and Accelerating Brain Aging.International journal of molecular sciences · 2021Article
- Over-gene expression in the apoptotic, oxidative damage and liver injure in female rats exposed to butralin.Environmental science and pollution research international · 2020Article
- Glycyrrhizic acid modulates the atrazine-induced apoptosis in rabbit spleen.Environmental science and pollution research international · 2019Article
- Developmental Exposure to Atrazine Impairs Spatial Memory and Downregulates the Hippocampal D1 Dopamine Receptor and cAMP-Dependent Signaling Pathway in Rats.International journal of molecular sciences · 2018Article
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Authors and funding
5 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Atrazine (2-chloro-4-ethytlamino-6-isopropylamine-1,3,5-triazine; ATR) is widely used as a broad-spectrum herbicide. Animal studies have demonstrated that ATR exposure can cause cell death in dopaminergic neurons. The molecular mechanisms underlying ATR-induced neuronal cell death, however, are unknown. In this study, we investigated the autophagy and apoptosis induced by ATR in dopaminergic neurons in vivo. Wistar rats were administered with ATR at doses of 10, 50 and 100 mg/kg body weight by oral gavage for three months. In terms of histopathology, the expression of autophagy- and apoptosis-related genes as well as proteins related to the Beclin-1/B-cell lymphoma 2 (Bcl-2) autophagy and apoptosis pathways were examined in the rat nigrostriatal dopaminergic system. We observed degenerative micromorphology indicative of neuronal apoptosis and mitochondrial autophagy by electron microscopy in ATR-exposed rat striatum. The rat ventral mesencephalon in the ATR-exposed groups also showed increased expression of Beclin-1, LC3-II, Bax and Caspase-9, and decreased expression of tyrosine hydroxylase (TH), Bcl-xl and Bcl-2. These findings indicate that ATR may induce autophagy- and apoptosis-related changes in doparminergic neurons. Furthermore, this induction may be regulated by the Beclin-1 and Bcl-2 autophagy and apoptosis pathways, and this may help to better understand the mechanism underlying the neurotoxicity of ATR.
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