ReviewFrontiers in immunology2015
Complement System Part II: Role in Immunity.
Review in Frontiers in immunology, 2015. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 608 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
608 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- A comprehensive transcriptional reference for severity and progression in spinal cord injury reveals novel translational biomarker genes.Journal of translational medicine · 2025Pooled it
- Trial
- C1-inhibitor treatment in patients with severe complement-mediated autoimmune hemolytic anemia.Blood advances · 2023Trial
- Wzi modulates immune evasion of hypervirulentVirulence · 2026Article
- The LINC00920/miR-6834-3p/CPN1 Axis Modulates Immune Dysregulation in Sepsis-Associated Acute Kidney Injury and Serves as a Diagnostic Biomarker.Biochemical genetics · 2026Article
- Complement factors C3 and C5 as tissue biomarkers for differentiating periprosthetic joint infection from aseptic implant failure.European journal of microbiology & immunology · 2026Article
- Mechanisms of antibody-dependent enhancement and its research progress in animal coronaviruses.Veterinary research · 2026Review
- Atypical signaling, ligand recognition and selective agonist discovery of complement receptor C5aR2.Cell research · 2026Article
- Review
- The language of the immune system: Part 1: Cytokine conversations and conversationalists.ImmunoHorizons · 2026Review
- Exploring Endotoxemia in Age-Related Macular Degeneration, Glaucoma, and Diabetic Retinopathy.Investigative ophthalmology & visual science · 2026Review
- Interactions Between Epidermal Growth Factor-Containing Fibulin-Like Extracellular Matrix Protein 1 and Tissue Inhibitor of Metalloproteinases-3 and Relevance to Age-Related Macular Degeneration.Ophthalmology science · 2026Review
- Complement deficiency and neonatal immunity: a serum-limited, context-dependent framework.Pediatric research · 2026Review
- Biomarkers in the Management of Complement-Mediated Kidney Diseases in the Era of Complement Therapeutics.Clinical journal of the American Society of Nephrology : CJASN · 2026Review
- Atypical Hemolytic Uremic Syndrome With Hypocellular Bone Marrow: A Report of a Rare Case.Cureus · 2026Article
- Humoral immunity in pancreatic cancer: B-cell heterogeneity, regulatory networks, and therapeutic opportunities.Cancer metastasis reviews · 2026Review
- Engineering Liposomes and Polymer Conjugates: A Platform for Mechanistic Complement Activation Studies and Controlled Release Applications.ACS applied materials & interfaces · 2026Article
- A second generation of C3 humanized rats for preclinical evaluation of human C3 inhibitors.Blood vessels, thrombosis & hemostasis · 2026Article
- Article
- Innate Immunity and Microbial Recognition in Reproduction: From Barrier Defense to Maternal-Fetal Tolerance.FASEB journal : official publication of the Federation of American Societies for Experimental Biology · 2026Review
548 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
5 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
The complement system has been considered for a long time as a simple lytic cascade, aimed to kill bacteria infecting the host organism. Nowadays, this vision has changed and it is well accepted that complement is a complex innate immune surveillance system, playing a key role in host homeostasis, inflammation, and in the defense against pathogens. This review discusses recent advances in the understanding of the role of complement in physiology and pathology. It starts with a description of complement contribution to the normal physiology (homeostasis) of a healthy organism, including the silent clearance of apoptotic cells and maintenance of cell survival. In pathology, complement can be a friend or a foe. It acts as a friend in the defense against pathogens, by inducing opsonization and a direct killing by C5b-9 membrane attack complex and by triggering inflammatory responses with the anaphylatoxins C3a and C5a. Opsonization plays also a major role in the mounting of an adaptive immune response, involving antigen presenting cells, T-, and B-lymphocytes. Nevertheless, it can be also an enemy, when pathogens hijack complement regulators to protect themselves from the immune system. Inadequate complement activation becomes a disease cause, as in atypical hemolytic uremic syndrome, C3 glomerulopathies, and systemic lupus erythematosus. Age-related macular degeneration and cancer will be described as examples showing that complement contributes to a large variety of conditions, far exceeding the classical examples of diseases associated with complement deficiencies. Finally, we discuss complement as a therapeutic target.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.