ReviewCytokine2015
The differential expression of IL-4 and IL-13 and its impact on type-2 immunity.
Review in Cytokine, 2015. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 173 papers, 5 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
173 citing papers in PubMed, 5 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 306 citations in OpenAlex.
- Infection Risk in Dermatology Patients Receiving Next-Generation Medication: A Meta-Analysis of JAK Inhibitors and Biologics.Medicina (Kaunas, Lithuania) · 2025Pooled it
- Fire needling therapy for neurodermatitis: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.Frontiers in medicine · 2025Pooled it
- Effects of Probiotic Supplementation on Immune and Inflammatory Markers in Athletes: A Meta-Analysis of Randomized Clinical Trials.Medicina (Kaunas, Lithuania) · 2022Pooled it
- Interleukin 4 gene polymorphism (-589C/T) and the risk of asthma: a meta-analysis and met-regression based on 55 studies.BMC immunology · 2020Pooled it
- Pooled it
- Semi-Mechanistic Population Pharmacokinetic/Pharmacodynamic (PK/PD) Modeling of Dupilumab on Pre-Bronchodilator Forced Expiratory Volume in 1 Second (FEVCPT: pharmacometrics & systems pharmacology · 2025Trial
- Maternal Vitamin D Status Correlates to Leukocyte Antigenic Responses in Breastfeeding Infants.Nutrients · 2022Trial
- Dupilumab in CRSwNP: Responder Analysis Using Clinically Meaningful Efficacy Outcome Thresholds.The Laryngoscope · 2022Trial
- Allergy-specific Phenome-Wide Association Study for Immunogenes in Turkish Children.Scientific reports · 2016Trial
- MIR31HG Modulates IL-4 Secretion by Keratinocytes and M2-Like Macrophage Polarization to Promote Local Immunosuppression in Condyloma Acuminata.Skin research and technology : official journal of International Society for Bioengineering and the Skin (ISBS) [and] International Society for Digital Imaging of Skin (ISDIS) [and] International Society for Skin Imaging (ISSI) · 2026Article
- Pathogenic type-2 immunity beyond allergy: the role of Th2 cell heterogeneity in helminth infections.Infection and immunity · 2026Review
- Mechanisms and therapeutic strategies of asthma: from bench to bedside.Signal transduction and targeted therapy · 2026Review
- Transcriptomic Effects of Oclacitinib and Prednisolone in an Acute IgE-Mediated Experimental Model of Canine Atopic Dermatitis.Veterinary sciences · 2026Article
- Dupilumab Is Safe and Efficacious for Treatment of Eosinophilic Esophagitis and Atopic Dermatitis in Pediatric Liver Transplant Recipients: A Case Series.Pediatric transplantation · 2026Article
- The Follicular Immune Checkpoint: PD-1/PD-L1 and Immune Tolerance in Oocyte Competence and IVF Failure.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Review
- De Novo Design and Directed Evolution Refinement of Mirror-Image Protein Binders Targeting Interleukin-4.Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) · 2026Article
- IgE Production Beyond Classical T-Cell Help.Immune network · 2026Review
- Review
- Alternatively activated monocyte-derived myeloid cells promote extracellular pathogen persistence in pulmonary fungal granulomas.The Journal of experimental medicine · 2026Article
- The Immunomodulatory Effects of Porcupine Bezoar on Cyclophosphamide-Induced Immunosuppression in Rats.Pharmaceuticals (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
113 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
2 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Allergic disease represents a significant global health burden, and disease incidence continues to rise in urban areas of the world. As such, a better understanding of the basic immune mechanisms underlying disease pathology are key to developing therapeutic interventions to both prevent disease onset as well as to ameliorate disease morbidity in those individuals already suffering from a disorder linked to type-2 inflammation. Two factors central to type-2 immunity are interleukin (IL)-4 and IL-13, which have been linked to virtually all major hallmarks associated with type-2 inflammation. Therefore, IL-4 and IL-13 and their regulatory pathways represent ideal targets to suppress disease. Despite sharing many common regulatory pathways and receptors, these cytokines perform very distinct functions during a type-2 immune response. This review summarizes the literature surrounding the function and expression of IL-4 and IL-13 in CD4+ T cells and innate immune cells. It highlights recent findings in vivo regarding the differential expression and non-canonical regulation of IL-4 and IL-13 in various immune cells, which likely play important and underappreciated roles in type-2 immunity.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.