ArticleEnvironmental research2015
Spatial variation in mortality risk for hematological malignancies near a petrochemical refinery: A population-based case-control study.
Article in Environmental research, 2015. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 2 papers.
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Who cites it
2 citing papers in PubMed.
- Associations of Adolescence Exposure to Industrial Air Pollution with Cancer in Young Adults.Environment & health (Washington, D.C.) · 2023Article
- Examining the role of a retail density ordinance in reducing concentration of tobacco retailers.Spatial and spatio-temporal epidemiology · 2020Article
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Authors and funding
8 authors.
Funding
Abstract
introductionThe study investigated the geographic variation of mortality risk for hematological malignancies (HMs) in order to identify potential high-risk areas near an Italian petrochemical refinery. MATERIAL AND
methodsA population-based case-control study was conducted and residential histories for 171 cases and 338 sex- and age-matched controls were collected. Confounding factors were obtained from interviews with consenting relatives for 109 HM deaths and 267 controls. To produce risk mortality maps, two different approaches were applied and compared. We mapped (1) adaptive kernel density relative risk estimation for case-control studies which estimates a spatial relative risk function using the ratio between cases and controls' densities, and (2) estimated odds ratios for case-control study data using Generalized Additive Models (GAMs) to smooth the effect of location, a proxy for exposure, while adjusting for confounding variables.
resultsNo high-risk areas for HM mortality were identified among all subjects (men and women combined), by applying both approaches. Using the adaptive KDE approach, we found a significant increase in death risk only among women in a large area 2-6 km southeast of the refinery and the application of GAMs also identified a similarly-located significant high-risk area among women only (global p-value<0.025). Potential confounding risk factors we considered in the GAM did not alter the results.
conclusionBoth approaches identified a high-risk area close to the refinery among women only. Those spatial methods are useful tools for public policy management to determine priority areas for intervention. Our findings suggest several directions for further research in order to identify other potential environmental exposures that may be assessed in forthcoming studies based on detailed exposure modeling.
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