Evidence map›Paper›PMID 26072954›Full record

ArticleJournal of child psychology and psychiatry, and allied disciplines2015

Preschool hyperactivity is associated with long-term economic burden: evidence from a longitudinal health economic analysis of costs incurred across childhood, adolescence and young adulthood.

Maria Chorozoglou, Elizabeth Smith, Johanna Koerting, Margaret J Thompson, Kapil Sayal, Edmund J S Sonuga-Barke

Open access · bronzeAbstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in Journal of child psychology and psychiatry, and allied disciplines, 2015. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 31 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
31citing papers in PubMed
8.0field-weighted citation impact, top 2% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

31 citing papers in PubMed, 78 citations in OpenAlex.

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  20. Preschool Inhibitory Control Predicts ADHD Group Status and Inhibitory Weakness in School.Archives of clinical neuropsychology : the official journal of the National Academy of Neuropsychologists · 2018
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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

6 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.

Maria ChorozoglouSouthampton Health Technology Assessment Centre (SHTAC), Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK.
Elizabeth SmithDepartment of Psychology, University of Bath, Bath, UK.
Johanna KoertingDevelopmental Brain-Behaviour Laboratory, Department of Psychology, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK.
Margaret J ThompsonDevelopmental Brain-Behaviour Laboratory, Department of Psychology, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK.
Kapil SayalDivision of Psychiatry and Applied Psychology, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK.
Edmund J S Sonuga-BarkeDevelopmental Brain-Behaviour Laboratory, Department of Psychology, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK.
University of Southampton · GBInstitute of Mental Health · GBUniversity of Bath · GB

Funding

Department of Health RP-PG-0108-10061
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundPreschool hyperactivity is an early risk factor for adult mental health problems and criminality. Little is known about; (a) the patterns of long-term service costs associated with this behavioural marker in the general population and (b) the specific factors predicting hyperactivity-related costs. We undertook a prospective study investigating associations between preschool hyperactivity and average individual annual service costs up to late adolescent and young adulthood.

methodsOne-hundred and seventy individuals rated as hyperactive by their parents and 88 nonhyperactive controls were identified from a community sample of 4,215 three years olds. Baseline information about behaviour/emotional problems and background characteristics were collected. At follow-up (when individuals were aged between 14 and 25 years) information was obtained on service use, and associated costs since the age of three. Based on this information we calculated the average cost per annum incurred by each individual.

resultsCompared to controls, preschoolers with hyperactivity had 17.6 times higher average costs per annum across domains (apart from nonmental health costs). These were £562 for each hyperactive individual compared with £30 for controls. Average annual costs decreased as a function of age, with higher costs incurred at younger ages. The effects of hyperactivity remained significant when other baseline factors were added to the model. Effects were fully mediated by later psychiatric morbidity. When the hyperactive group were examined separately, costs were consistently predicted by male gender and, for some cost codes, by conduct problems.

conclusionsPreventative approaches targeting early hyperactivity may be of value. Services should be targeted towards high-risk individuals with careful consideration given to the cost-to-benefit trade-off of early intervention strategies.

Indexed as

AdolescentAdultAttention Deficit and Disruptive Behavior DisordersChildChild, PreschoolEnglandFemaleHealth Care CostsHumansLongitudinal StudiesMaleSex FactorsYoung AdultADHDconduct disorderhealth economics evaluationHyperactivitylongitudinalpreschool children

Identifiers

PMID26072954
PMCPMC4744758
OpenAlexW1526727491

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY-NC-ND
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.