Trial reportOphthalmology2015
A Randomized Trial Comparing Part-time Patching with Observation for Intermittent Exotropia in Children 12 to 35 Months of Age.
Trial report in Ophthalmology, 2015. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT01032330 (A Randomized Clinical Trial of Observation Versus Occlusion Therapy for Intermittent Exotropia), which is not on this map. Cited by 19 papers, 4 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
A Randomized Clinical Trial of Observation Versus Occlusion Therapy for Intermittent Exotropia
Who cites it
19 citing papers in PubMed, 4 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 54 citations in OpenAlex.
- Pooled it
- Non-surgical therapy for intermittent exotropia: a systematic review and network analysis.BMC ophthalmology · 2024Pooled it
- Esotropia and Exotropia Preferred Practice Pattern®.Ophthalmology · 2023Guideline
- Interventions for intermittent exotropia.The Cochrane database of systematic reviews · 2021Pooled it
- Virtual Reality-Based Vision Therapy for Intermittent Exotropia: A Randomized Clinical Trial.JAMA network open · 2026Trial
- Perceptual Learning Based on Adaptive Contrast Detection Training for Intermittent Exotropia: A Pilot Double-Masked Randomized Controlled Study.Investigative ophthalmology & visual science · 2025Trial
- Comparison of alternate part-time patching and pencil push-up training for patients with intermittent exotropia.BMC ophthalmology · 2022Trial
- The influence of alternate part-time patching on control of intermittent exotropia: a randomized clinical trial.Graefe's archive for clinical and experimental ophthalmology = Albrecht von Graefes Archiv fur klinische und experimentelle Ophthalmologie · 2021Trial
- Three-year observation of children 12 to 35 months old with untreated intermittent exotropia.Ophthalmic & physiological optics : the journal of the British College of Ophthalmic Opticians (Optometrists) · 2020Trial
- Relationship among clinical factors in childhood intermittent exotropia.Journal of AAPOS : the official publication of the American Association for Pediatric Ophthalmology and Strabismus · 2017Trial
- Review
- Factors influencing the success of patch therapy in patients with intermittent exotropia: a retrospective case-control study.BMC ophthalmology · 2026Article
- Long-Term Outcomes of Intermittent Exotropia: A Real-World Longitudinal Cohort Study of 415 Patients.Medicina (Kaunas, Lithuania) · 2026Article
- Efficacy of part-time patching in preventing recurrence after bilateral lateral rectus recession in children with intermittent exotropia.BMC ophthalmology · 2023Article
- Quality of life in adult intermittent exotropia and the risk factors.International journal of ophthalmology · 2021Article
- Article
- Development of a core outcome set for amblyopia, strabismus and ocular motility disorders: a review to identify outcome measures.BMC ophthalmology · 2019Review
- Non-surgical Management Options of Intermittent Exotropia: A Literature Review.Journal of current ophthalmologyReview
- Vision therapy for intermittent exotropia: A case series.Journal of optometryArticle
Corrections and comments
- Commented on by
- Commented on byReply.2016
Authors and funding
12 authors at 5 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
purposeTo determine the effectiveness of part-time patching for treating intermittent exotropia (IXT) in young children.
designMulticenter, randomized clinical trial.
participantsTwo hundred one children 12 to 35 months of age with untreated IXT meeting the following criteria: (1) IXT at distance OR constant exotropia at distance and either IXT or exophoria at near, and (2) 15-prism diopter (Δ) or more exodeviation at distance or near by prism and alternate cover test (PACT) but at least 10 Δ exodeviation at distance by PACT.
methodsParticipants were assigned randomly to either observation (no treatment for 6 months) or patching prescribed for 3 hours daily for 5 months, followed by 1 month of no patching.
main outcome measuresThe primary outcome was deterioration, defined as constant exotropia measuring at least 10 Δ at distance and near or receipt of nonprotocol treatment for IXT.
resultsOf the 177 participants (88%) completing the 6-month primary outcome examination, deterioration occurred in 4.6% (4 of 87) of the participants in the observation group and in 2.2% (2 of 90) of the participants in the patching group (difference, 2.4%; P = 0.27; 95% confidence interval, -3.8% to +9.4%). Motor deterioration occurred in 2.3% (2 of 87) of the observation group and in 2.2% (2 of 90) of the patching group (difference, 0.08%; P = 0.55; 95% confidence interval, -5.8% to +6.1%). For the observation and patching groups, respectively, 6-month mean PACT measurements were 27.9 Δ versus 24.9 Δ at distance (P = 0.02) and 19.3 Δ versus 17.0 Δ at near (P = 0.10); 6-month mean exotropia control scores were 2.8 versus 2.3 points at distance (P = 0.02) and 1.4 versus 1.1 points at near (P = 0.26).
conclusionsAmong children 12 to 35 months of age with previously untreated IXT, deterioration over 6 months was uncommon, with or without patching treatment. There was insufficient evidence to recommend part-time patching for the treatment of IXT in children in this age group.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.